Cognitive Resilience and Community Context: Examining the role of Neighborhood Built and Social Environments for Slowing the Progression of Dementia among older Americans

认知弹性和社区背景：研究社区建设和社会环境对减缓美国老年人痴呆症进展的作用

• 批准号: 9923497
• 负责人: Philippa Clarke
• 金额: $ 5.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9923497
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; American; Attention; Behavioral; Biological; Brain Diseases; Buffers; Characteristics; Cognitive; Communities; Coupled; Data; Dementia; Elderly; Environment; Exhibits; Family; Funding; Genetic; Geography; Grant; Health Food; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Institution; Institutionalization; Knowledge; Libraries; Link; Literature; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal cohort study; Medical Genetics; Memory; Neighborhoods; Not Hispanic or Latino; Parents; Participant; Physical activity; Prospective Studies; Psyche structure; Race; Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke; Research; Resources; Respondent; Risk; Risk Estimate; Role; Sampling; Secondary to; Social Environment; Social Interaction; Societies; Source; Stroke; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Walking; Work; age related; aging in place; built environment; cognitive function; community center; dementia risk; density; executive function; functional decline; mortality; population based; prevent; prospective; racial difference; racial disparity; racial diversity; residence; resilience; social; socioeconomics

PROJECT SUMMARY Previous research has identified multiple biological, genetic, and behavioral factors that are associated with cognitive impairment and decline. Recently, a parallel literature has looked beyond individual-level factors to consider the role of the social and built environment. Findings suggest that residence in socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods may promote cognitive function and/or buffer cognitive decline in part through their greater density of physical resources (recreational centers, gyms, parks, walking paths, healthy food stores) as well as social and institutional resources (libraries, bookstores, community centers, social clubs) that promote physical activity and facilitate mental stimulation (e.g. social interaction) that may buffer cognitive decline with age. However, these relationships have not been empirically tested with national population-based data. This study will examine the moderating role of neighborhood built and social environments on trajectories of cognitive function in a national, racially-diverse sample of Americans followed since 2003. We will identify how features of the social and built environment are related to rates of decline in cognitive function among participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. REGARDS is a national longitudinal cohort study of over 30,0000 black and white individuals age 45+ ongoing since 2003. In addition to being a longitudinal study collecting prospective data on cognitive function at annual intervals, the study also tracks residential locations through geographic coordinates that will be linked to secondary sources to characterize the surrounding social and built environment. The aims of this 4-year project are to i) characterize the built and social environment for respondents in the REGARDS study with respect to the physical and social resources that could mitigate cognitive decline; ii) use longitudinal data to examine the relationship between neighborhood resources and rates of cognitive decline over time; and iii) determine the extent to which built and social environments explain racial disparities in cognitive function. By augmenting this existing NIH-funded longitudinal cohort study with neighborhood characteristics, this study will provide a critical opportunity to examine the role of neighborhood built and social environments for preventing cognitive decline in Americans as they age.

项目摘要 先前的研究已经确定了与糖尿病相关的多种生物学、遗传和行为因素。 认知障碍和衰退。最近，一个平行的文献已经超越了个人层面的因素， 考虑社会和建筑环境的作用。调查结果表明，居住在社会经济 邻里关系可以促进认知功能和/或缓冲认知能力下降，部分是通过他们的 更大密度的物理资源（娱乐中心，健身房，公园，步行道，健康食品店）， 以及社会和机构资源（图书馆、书店、社区中心、社交俱乐部）， 体力活动和促进精神刺激（如社会互动），可能会缓冲认知能力下降， 年龄然而，这些关系尚未用基于全国人口的数据进行实证检验。这 研究将探讨邻里建设和社会环境的调节作用的轨迹 自2003年以来，在一个全国性的，种族多样的美国人样本的认知功能。我们将确定如何 社会和建筑环境的特征与认知功能下降的速度有关， 中风的地理和种族差异的原因（REGARDS）研究。关于 自2003年以来，对30，000多名45岁以上的黑人和白色人进行了全国纵向队列研究。在 除了作为一项纵向研究，每年收集认知功能的前瞻性数据外， 该研究还通过与二级来源相关联的地理坐标来跟踪居民点位置 来描述周围的社会和建筑环境。这个为期4年的项目的目标是：i） 描述REGARD研究中受访者的建筑和社会环境的特征 可以减轻认知能力下降的物质和社会资源; ii）使用纵向数据来检查 邻里资源和认知下降率之间的关系随着时间的推移;和iii）确定 建筑和社会环境在多大程度上解释了认知功能的种族差异。通过增强这一点， 现有的NIH资助的具有社区特征的纵向队列研究，这项研究将提供一个关键的 有机会研究邻里建设和社会环境对预防认知能力下降的作用 在美国人的年龄。