Therapeutic Anti-HIV Chimeric Antigen Receptors Via Stem Cell Delivery

项目总结/摘要 虽然嵌合抗原受体（CAR）基因疗法最初在大约15年前被尝试并放弃用于HIV，但它最近显示出越来越多的使用和治疗癌症的前景。该项目重新审视了这种用于HIV的方法，解决了过去阻止其成功对抗HIV的关键障碍，包括利用造血干前体细胞（HSPC）在体内产生功能和持久的CAR T细胞，并基于广泛中和抗体（bNAb）和CAR组合产生新型汽车以防止病毒逃逸。我们的具体目标是： 1.优化bNAb CAR转导的HSPC的植入。CAR T细胞将从HSPC开始完全在体内发育，避免了离体T细胞扩增和转导的注意事项，以提供终身自我更新的来源。将在重现T细胞发育的人源化小鼠模型（CD 34-小鼠，其是用来自成年人供体的血液干细胞重建的免疫缺陷小鼠）中测试和优化移植。 2.产生双特异性组合bNAb汽车以减少HIV-1逃逸的选择。新型汽车将使用新的双特异性抗体技术设计，从而产生双特异性汽车。 3.选择具有最佳体内抗病毒宽度的CAR组合。双特异性汽车的双重组合将在具有人工多样性HIV-1准种的CD 34-小鼠模型中进行体内挑战，以确定具有有效遏制的组合，类似于组合抗逆转录病毒疗法。 这些研究将为CAR基因疗法治疗HIV感染的成功新方法奠定基础，这将是未来治愈策略的重要组成部分。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene therapy was initially tried and abandoned for HIV about 15 years ago, it has recently shown increasing usage and promise for treating cancer. This project revisits this approach for HIV, addressing the key barriers that prevented its success against HIV in the past, including harnessing hematopoietic stem precursor cells (HSPCs) to generate functional and durable CAR T cells in vivo, and generating novel CARs based on broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and CAR combinations to prevent viral escape. Our specific aims are: 1. To optimize engraftment of bNAb CAR-transduced HSPCs. CAR T cells would develop entirely in vivo starting from HSPCs, avoiding the caveats of ex vivo T cell expansion and transduction to provide a lifelong self-renewing source. Engraftment will be tested and optimized in a humanized mouse model that recapitulates T cell development (CD34-mice, which are immunodeficient mice reconstituted with blood stem cells from adult human donors). 2. To generate bi-specific combined bNAb CARs to reduce options for HIV-1 escape. Novel CARs will be designed using new bi-specific antibody technologies, creating bi-specific CARs. 3. To select CAR combinations with the best antiviral breadth in vivo. Dual combinations of bi-specific CARs will be challenged in vivo in the CD34- mouse model with artificially diverse HIV-1 quasispecies to determine combinations with effective containment, analogous to combination antiretroviral therapy. These studies will lay the groundwork for successful new approaches to treating HIV infection with CAR gene therapy, which will be a valuable component in future cure strategies.