Neural Electrodes with Enhanced Charge Injection and Reduced Interfacial Impedance Using Graphenated Carbon Nanotubes Coated With Atomic Layer-Deposited Platinum Nanoparticles

本项目的目的是评估石墨烯化碳纳米管（gCNT）作为低阻抗， 用于神经刺激的较小电极，使用脑深部电刺激（DBS）作为测试用例， 目的是研制一种阻抗更低、体积更小的新型神经电极。低阻抗 电极-组织界面导致较低的功耗，因为需要较小的电压来实现 相同的电荷注入。较低的功耗延长了电池寿命， 电池以及植入设备的电池。刺激电极的最小尺寸受到 有效激励所需的最小电荷注入。同样，电极的尺寸是重要的 电极插入造成的插入损伤的因素以及可以 受刺激更低的阻抗、更小的电极将导致更少的损坏电极，并且 更小更持久的电池我们将比较gCNT电极与标准电极的性能。 铂电极使用定量的体外和体内测量。我们希望增加可逆的 与相同尺寸的Pt电极相比，电荷注入容量增加20倍，阻抗降低65%。的 本项目的具体目标是：（1）量化gCNT形态对电荷注入，界面 阻抗和粘附性，并确定改善这些性能的加工条件。(2)存款 铂纳米颗粒通过原子层沉积（ALD）在gCNT上，以进一步增加电荷注入 容量和降低阻抗。这些Pt-gCNT将以棋盘图案沉积（平衡Pt 电极），允许在动物（3）内比较性能。测试 6-OHDa毁损大鼠偏侧帕金森病的体内MEA，将电极植入丘脑底核 以及输送慢性每日缓解痉挛的DBS，以评估Pt-gCNT相对于Pt电极的性能。 在申请人看来，所提出的研究是创新的，因为它引入了一种新材料（gCNT）和一种新的纳米材料。 新工艺（ALD）将提高神经电极的性能。预计gCNT将具有 性能明显优于标准Pt电极。ALD具有存款纳米颗粒的能力， 一种独特的方式，最大限度地提高了gCNT的表面积，被涂覆以及电化学 铂的表面积。纳米结构铂将用于进一步增强gCNTs的神经电极 性能该项目的成果将是对Pt-gCNTs高效的全面评估 神经刺激电极。如果实现，它将导致神经刺激电极更小，限制 插入损坏，并消耗更少的功率，从而减小尺寸并增加电池的寿命 并且可以扩展可能的电极系统的边界。

The objective of this project is to evaluate graphenated carbon nanotubes (gCNTs) as lower impedance, smaller electrodes for neurostimulation, using deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a test case, with the long-term goal of developing a new type of neural electrode with lower impedance and smaller size. Lower impedance of the electrode-tissue interface results in lower power consumption, as a smaller voltage is required to achieve the same charge injection. Lower power consumption extends battery life and decreases the size of the batteries and thus of the implanted device. The minimum size of stimulating electrodes is limited by the minimum charge injection required for effective stimulation. As well, the size of the electrode is an important factor in the insertion damage created by electrode insertion and the specificity of the volume that can be stimulated. Lower impendence, smaller electrodes will lead to less damaging electrodes and a combination of smaller and longer lasting batteries. We will compare the performance of gCNT electrodes to standard platinum electrodes using quantitative in vitro and in vivo measurements. We expect to increase the reversible charge injection capacity by 20x and reduce the impedance by 65% versus the same-sized Pt electrode. The specific aims of this project are: (1) Quantify the effect of gCNT morphology on charge injection, interfacial impedance, and adhesion and identify processing conditions that improve these properties. (2) Deposit platinum nanoparticles via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on gCNTs to further increase the charge injection capacity and decrease impedance. These Pt-gCNTs will be deposited in a checkerboard pattern (balance Pt electrodes) on a multielectrode array (MEA), allowing performance to be compared within animal (3). Test the MEAs in vivo in hemiparkinsonian 6-OHDa lesioned rats, implanting electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus and delivering chronic daily symptom-relieving DBS in order to assess Pt-gCNT vs Pt electrode performance. In the applicant’s opinion, proposed research is innovative because it introduces a new material (gCNTs) and a new process (ALD) that will improve the performance of neural electrodes. gCNTs are expected to have significantly better performance than standard Pt electrodes. ALD has the capability to deposit nanoparticles in a unique way that maximizes the amount of gCNTs surface area that is coated as well as the electrochemical surface area of the platinum. Nanostructured platinum will be used to further enhance gCNTs’ neural electrode performance. The outcome of this project will be a comprehensive assessment of Pt-gCNTs as highly efficient neural stimulation electrodes. If realized, it will lead to neural stimulation electrodes that are smaller, limiting insertion damage, and consume less power, thereby reducing the size and increasing the lifetime of batteries and may expand the frontier of possible electrode systems.