Neurobiological characteristics, parent-child relationships, and conduct problems in adolescence: A longitudinal multimodal neuroimaging study

项目摘要 儿童和青少年的行为问题，包括攻击性和违规行为 是未来犯罪行为的重要风险因素。一种可能的机制涉及非典型发育 大脑结构和/或功能与奖励和惩罚过程中的风险个体。 奖励敏感性的降低可能会通过试图“正常化”来驱动适应不良的奖励寻求行为。 奖励相关的神经反应，并可能导致适当行为的学习受损。上 另一方面，惩罚敏感性减弱可能会增加反社会行为的风险，因为 不能在线索和消极后果之间形成联系的个体没有焦虑， 当考虑参与反社会行为时的预期恐惧。然而，大多数先前 研究是横向的。本研究的目的是了解行为的起源和发展 从纵向的角度来看，通过反复评估风险因素（受损的奖励/ 惩罚处理）从童年到青春期，识别脆弱的神经基质 支持这些过程，并确定环境因素的调节作用（即，父母- 子关系）。 利用现有的队列，其神经行为指标客观评估为8-9 在9-10年（SC2 HD 076044，PI：Gao）时，当前项目建议重新评估 从14-15岁开始，每年参加一次，为期三年。我们将评估生物和社会风险因素 使用与先前研究中使用的电池相同的电池（具有年龄适当的修改），以及年龄- 适当的心理社会风险因素和行为结果评估。此外，我将建立在我的 目前的SC 3资金（SC 3 GM 118233，PI：Gao）并利用纵向多模式磁共振 成像（MRI）方法研究涉及奖励/惩罚的电路功能变化 处理（使用fMRI）和白质连接（使用扩散张量成像）在1.5年的时间内 从同一个时期的队列。我的主要假设是，奖励/惩罚的非典型发展 从童年到青春期的过程将与更多的行为问题有关， 亲子关系会缓冲神经脆弱性对行为问题发展的影响。 该项目的完成将推进NIH BRAIN计划的使命，即“了解电路， 神经活动的模式，引起心理经验和行为”。了解神经和 自主机制，有助于奖励/惩罚处理有关的行为问题， 揭示这些发展中涉及的潜在精神病理过程的潜力 问题，并将改善为干预和治疗提供基础的病因学模型。

Project Abstract Conduct problems, which include aggression and rule-breaking behavior, in children and adolescence are significant risk factors for future criminal behavior. One possible mechanism involves atypical development of brain structure and/or function implicated in reward and punishment processing in at-risk individuals. Reduced reward sensitivity may drive maladaptive reward seeking behavior via attempts to “normalize” reward-related neural reactivity, and may result in compromised learning of appropriate behaviors. On the other hand, weakened punishment sensitivity may increase the risk of antisocial behavior because the individual failing to form associations between cues and negative consequence does not have anxiety and anticipatory fear whenever contemplating the engagement in an antisocial act. However, most of the prior research is cross-sectional. The objective of this study is to understand the origin and development of conduct problems from a longitudinal perspective, by repeatedly assessing the risk factors (impaired reward/ punishment processing) from childhood to adolescence, identifying the vulnerable neural substrates underpinning these processes, and determining the modulating effects of environmental factors (i.e., parent- child relationship). Capitalizing on an existing cohort whose neurobehavioral measures were objectively assessed at 8-9 years and again at 9-10 years (SC2HD076044, PI: Gao), the current project proposes to re-assess the participants annually starting at 14-15 years for three years. We will assess biological and social risk factors using a battery identical (with age-appropriate modifications) to the one used in prior studies, as well as age- appropriate psychosocial risk factor and behavioral outcome assessments. Moreover, I will build upon my current SC3 funding (SC3GM118233, PI: Gao) and utilize a longitudinal multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) approach to study the changes in function of the circuitry implicated in reward/punishment processing (using fMRI) and the white-matter connections (using Diffusion Tensor Imaging) across a 1.5-year period from the same cohort. My central hypotheses are that atypical development of reward/punishment processing from childhood to adolescence will be associated with more conduct problems, and that positive parent-child relationship will buffer the effect of neural vulnerability on the development of behavioral problems. Completion of this project will advance the mission of the NIH BRAIN Initiative to “understand the circuits and patterns of neural activity that give rise to mental experience and behavior”. Understanding the neural and autonomic mechanisms that contribute to the reward/punishment processing related to conduct problems has the potential to uncover underlying psychopathological processes involved in the development of these problems, and will improve etiological models that provide the foundation for intervention and treatment.