Neuroscience of Marijuana Impaired Driving

大麻驾驶障碍的神经科学

• 批准号: 9930252
• 负责人: GODFREY D PEARLSON
• 金额: $ 1.05万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9930252
• 关键词: Accidents; Acute; Address; Affect; Alcohols; Anatomy; Anterior; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Biological; Blood; Brain; Cannabidiol; Cannabinoids; Cannabinol; Cannabis; Cause of Death; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Data; Dependence; Dose; Double-Blind Method; Driving While Intoxicated; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hour; Immersion Investigative Technique; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Inhalation; Intoxication; Laboratories; Law Enforcement; Legal; Link; Liquid substance; Marijuana; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Motor Vehicles; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Oral; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Placebos; Policies; Procedures; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Risk; Saliva; Salivary; Sampling; Severities; Smoke; Social Class; Standardization; Strategic Planning; Task Performances; Testing; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Time; Traffic accidents; United States; Vaporizer; Vehicle crash; Visit; Visual; alcohol and other drug; automobile accident; base; behavior change; cognitive performance; cognitive task; cognitive testing; design; driving behavior; driving safety; drug of abuse; experience; field sobriety tests; impaired driving performance; injured; marijuana smoke; marijuana use; marijuana user; neural circuit; novel; operation; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; salivary assay; screening; skills; sobriety; social; virtual

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving while intoxicated on cannabis is a major and growing public health problem. Driving safety is an important issue in the United States as more than 3 million persons are reported injured and >40,000 die annually in motor vehicle crashes. Traffic accidents are the greatest single cause of death in 5-32 year-olds; many are due to intoxicated drivers. Cannabis (CNB) is a commonly abused drug whose use cuts across social class, is linked to cognitive impairment, is a major contributor to intoxication-related accidents either alone or with alcohol. However, CNB intoxication is little studied in relation to driving compared to alcohol. Not only does the current NHTSA Strategic Plan for Behavioral Research prioritize understanding how drugs other than alcohol contribute to traffic crashes, it has recentl become more pressing to understand the effects of CNB because of increasing rates of legalized medical and/or recreational use, that will likely result in more CNB intoxicated drivers. Social and legal policy will be unable to effectively address the many concerns about driving safety raised by more frequent and widespread use of CNB without new research to better determine the parameters within which CNB use does, or does not, increase automobile accident risk. Our purpose is to better describe specific, driving-related cognitive impairments caused by acute CNB intoxication, their persistence over time, underlying functional brain anatomy, and relationship to performance on a state-of the art validated simulated driving task in which we have prior experience. In a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blinded fashion, we will administer two CNB doses and placebo of smoked cannabis (paced inhalation using a vaporizer) to 48 regular and 48 occasional cannabis users on 3 separate occasions. Following CNB dosing we will assess cognitive and driving impairment longitudinally for several hours using a combination of fMRI and neuropsychological tests, to clarify relationships between subjective and objective measures of intoxication and of impairment, that include expert assessment of THC and its metabolite levels in blood and saliva.

 描述（由申请人提供）：吸食大麻醉酒驾驶是一个重大且日益严重的公共卫生问题。在美国，驾驶安全是一个重要问题，据报道每年有超过 300 万人在机动车事故中受伤，超过 4 万人死亡。交通事故是5-32岁人群死亡的最大单一原因；许多是由于醉酒司机造成的。大麻 (CNB) 是一种经常被滥用的药物，其使用跨越社会阶层，与认知障碍有关，是导致中毒相关事故的主要原因，无论是单独使用还是与酒精一起使用。然而，与酒精相比，CNB 中毒与驾驶相关的研究很少。目前的 NHTSA 行为研究战略计划不仅优先考虑了解酒精以外的药物如何导致交通事故，而且最近变得更加迫切需要了解 CNB 的影响，因为合法医疗和/或娱乐用途的比例不断增加，这可能会导致更多 CNB 醉酒司机。 如果没有新的研究来更好地确定 CNB 的使用是否会增加汽车事故风险的参数，社会和法律政策将无法有效解决因更频繁和更广泛地使用 CNB 而引起的许多驾驶安全问题。我们的目的是更好地描述由急性 CNB 中毒引起的特定的、与驾驶相关的认知障碍、其随时间的持续性、潜在的功能性大脑解剖结构，以及与我们拥有先前经验的最先进的经过验证的模拟驾驶任务的表现的关系。以随机、平衡、双盲的方式，我们将在 3 个不同的场合向 48 名经常吸食大麻的人和 48 名偶尔吸食大麻的人服用两剂 CNB 剂量和安慰剂烟熏大麻（使用蒸发器有节奏吸入）。 CNB 给药后，我们将结合功能磁共振成像和神经心理学测试，在几个小时内纵向评估认知和驾驶障碍，以澄清中毒和障碍的主观和客观测量之间的关系，其中包括对血液和唾液中 THC 及其代谢物水平的专家评估。