Neuroscience of Marijuana Impaired Driving

大麻驾驶障碍的神经科学

• 批准号: 8990677
• 负责人: GODFREY D PEARLSON
• 金额: $ 67.6万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8990677
• 关键词: Accidents; Acute; Address; Affect; Alcohols; Anatomy; Anterior; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Biological; Blood; Brain; Breathing; Cannabidiol; Cannabinoids; Cannabinol; Cannabis; Cause of Death; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Data; Dependence; Dose; Double-Blind Method; Driving While Intoxicated; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Hour; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Intoxication; Laboratories; Law Enforcement; Legal; Link; Liquid substance; Marijuana; Marijuana Smoking; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Motor Vehicles; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosciences; Oral; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Placebo Control; Placebos; Policies; Procedures; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Risk; Safety; Saliva; Salivary; Sampling; Severities; Social Class; Staging; Strategic Planning; Testing; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Time; Traffic accidents; United States; Vaporizer; Vehicle crash; Visit; Visual; alcohol and other drug; automobile accident; base; behavior change; cognitive task; cognitive testing; design; driving behavior; experience; field sobriety tests; impaired driving performance; injured; marijuana use; marijuana user; neural circuit; novel; operation; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; salivary assay; screening; skills; sobriety; social; trafficking; virtual

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving while intoxicated on cannabis is a major and growing public health problem. Driving safety is an important issue in the United States as more than 3 million persons are reported injured and >40,000 die annually in motor vehicle crashes. Traffic accidents are the greatest single cause of death in 5-32 year-olds; many are due to intoxicated drivers. Cannabis (CNB) is a commonly abused drug whose use cuts across social class, is linked to cognitive impairment, is a major contributor to intoxication-related accidents either alone or with alcohol. However, CNB intoxication is little studied in relation to driving compared to alcohol. Not only does the current NHTSA Strategic Plan for Behavioral Research prioritize understanding how drugs other than alcohol contribute to traffic crashes, it has recentl become more pressing to understand the effects of CNB because of increasing rates of legalized medical and/or recreational use, that will likely result in more CNB intoxicated drivers. Social and legal policy will be unable to effectively address the many concerns about driving safety raised by more frequent and widespread use of CNB without new research to better determine the parameters within which CNB use does, or does not, increase automobile accident risk. Our purpose is to better describe specific, driving-related cognitive impairments caused by acute CNB intoxication, their persistence over time, underlying functional brain anatomy, and relationship to performance on a state-of the art validated simulated driving task in which we have prior experience. In a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blinded fashion, we will administer two CNB doses and placebo of smoked cannabis (paced inhalation using a vaporizer) to 48 regular and 48 occasional cannabis users on 3 separate occasions. Following CNB dosing we will assess cognitive and driving impairment longitudinally for several hours using a combination of fMRI and neuropsychological tests, to clarify relationships between subjective and objective measures of intoxication and of impairment, that include expert assessment of THC and its metabolite levels in blood and saliva.

 描述（由申请人提供）：大麻醉酒驾驶是一个重大的和日益严重的公共卫生问题。在美国，驾驶安全是一个重要的问题，因为据报道，每年有超过300万人在机动车碰撞中受伤，超过40，000人死亡。交通事故是5-32岁儿童死亡的最大单一原因;许多是由于醉酒司机。大麻（CNB）是一种常见的滥用药物，其使用跨越社会阶层，与认知障碍有关，是单独或与酒精有关的醉酒事故的主要原因。然而，与酒精相比，CNB中毒与驾驶有关的研究很少。目前NHTSA的行为研究战略计划不仅优先考虑了解酒精以外的药物如何导致交通事故，而且最近越来越迫切需要了解CNB的影响，因为合法化的医疗和/或娱乐使用率越来越高，这可能会导致更多CNB醉酒司机。 社会和法律的政策将无法有效地解决更多的CNB更频繁和广泛的使用所提出的驾驶安全的许多问题，没有新的研究，以更好地确定参数范围内CNB的使用，或不增加汽车事故的风险。我们的目的是更好地描述由急性CNB中毒引起的特定的驾驶相关认知障碍，其随时间的持续性，潜在的功能性脑解剖结构，以及与我们先前经验的最先进的验证模拟驾驶任务的性能的关系。我们将以随机、平衡、双盲的方式，在3个不同的场合对48名常规和48名偶尔使用大麻的人给予两剂CNB和安慰剂的吸食大麻（使用汽化器进行起搏吸入）。CNB给药后，我们将使用fMRI和神经心理学测试的组合纵向评估认知和驾驶障碍数小时，以澄清中毒和损伤的主观和客观测量之间的关系，包括THC及其代谢物水平的专家评估血液和唾液。