Development and validation of empirical models of the neuronal population activity underlying non-invasive human brain measurements

项目摘要/摘要 人类大脑功能研究中的一个主要障碍是我们目前对 不同仪器的测量，如功能磁共振成像和脑电，如何相互联系，以及与 潜在的神经回路。重大努力导致了不同专家内部的模型开发 场，但碎片化阻碍了我们对时空的解释 非侵入性成像信号的特征。将与信号有关的各种模型结合在一起 解释将构成我们可以从非侵入性神经成像学到的重大进步。在……里面 在这个项目中，我们采用这样一种综合的方法来研究大脑皮层感觉系统。我们打算 开发一套相互关联的、经验驱动的模型来预测感觉刺激是如何编码的 神经元群活动基础电生理指标(AIM 1)和血流动力学指标 (目标2)，导致一个全面的综合模式(目标3)。枢纽综合模型(AIM 3)将 提高我们对功能磁共振成像获得的信息的理解，并使其发生革命性的变化 在非侵入性地绘制人类详细功能图方面的最高潜力。为了实现这一目标，我们将结合 人类和啮齿动物在多个空间尺度上的血流动力学和电生理测量 非常高的分辨率。这将包括非侵入性(3T和7T的功能磁共振成像、脑磁图和EEG)和有创性(光学 成像，ECoG)模式从健康人获得。通过从以下位置获取多个通道记录 同样的个体，使用同样的刺激和任务，我们将能够毫不含糊地联系清楚和具体 电生理信息广泛使用的fMRI技术，同时显著提高了我们的 了解大脑活动背后的电学和血流动力学现象。 这项研究构成了一项多中心的努力，目的是A)开发一个全面的模型来连接外部 对神经元群体生理学的非侵入性成像措施的输入，B)获取最新技术 来自相同个人的多模式录音，以便在模式之间建立联系并向模型提供信息，C) 使用来自多种模式(ECoG、fMRI、MEG/EEG、光学记录)和大脑的数据验证模型 系统(视觉、体感和运动)和D)使算法和数据可供神经科学使用 社区，以促进项目生命周期后的进一步发展。此外，这项研究将促进 关于电生理学和功能磁共振之间关系的不同理论的协调，并将导致 “在理解人脑动态活动方面的突破”。这样的突破将是至关重要的 在改进神经系统疾病模型方面，该模型依赖于关于神经元群体的推断 来自人类大脑活动的非侵入性成像。

Project Summary / Abstract A major obstacle in the study of human brain function is that we currently have limited understanding of how the measurements made by different instruments, such as fMRI and EEG, relate to one another and to the underlying neuronal circuitry. Significant efforts have led to development of models within various specialist fields, but fragmentation has held us back from advancing our interpretation of the spatiotemporal characteristics of non-invasive imaging signals. Bringing together the various models that pertain to signal interpretation would constitute a significant advance in what we can learn from non-invasive neuroimaging. In this project we take such an integrative approach to the study of cortical sensory systems. We intend to develop a set of connecting, empirically driven models that will predict how sensory stimuli are encoded in neuronal population activity underlying electrophysiological measures (AIM 1), and hemodynamic measures (AIM 2), leading to a comprehensive integrative model (AIM 3). The pivotal integrative model (AIM 3) will improve our understanding of, and revolutionize the information we can obtain from fMRI, the modality with the highest potential for mapping detailed functions non-invasively in humans. To achieve this we will combine hemodynamic and electrophysiological measurements at multiple spatial scales in humans, and in rodents at very high resolutions. This will include non-invasive (fMRI at 3T and 7T, MEG and EEG) and invasive (optical imaging, ECoG) modalities obtained from healthy humans. By obtaining multiple modality recordings from the same individuals, using the same stimuli and tasks, we will be able to unequivocally link clear and specific electrophysiological information to widely used fMRI technology, while significantly improving our understanding of the electrical and hemodynamic phenomena underlying brain activity. The research constitutes a multicenter endeavor to A) develop a comprehensive model to link external inputs to neuronal population physiology to non-invasive imaging measures, B) obtain state of the art multimodal recordings from the same individuals in order to bridge modalities and inform the models, C) validate the models with data from multiple modalities (ECoG, fMRI, MEG/EEG, optical recordings) and brain systems (visual, somatosensory and motor), and D) make algorithms and data available to the neuroscience community to foster further development beyond the project's lifetime. Moreover, the research will foster reconciliation of different theories about the relation between electrophysiology and fMRI and will lead to `breakthroughs in understanding the dynamic activity of the human brain'. Such breakthroughs will be essential in improving disease models of the nervous system, which rely on inferences about neuronal population activity from non-invasive imaging of human brain activity.