Development and validation of empirical models of the neuronal population activity underlying non-invasive human brain measurements

项目总结/摘要 人类大脑功能研究的一个主要障碍是，我们目前对大脑功能的了解有限。 不同仪器（如fMRI和EEG）的测量结果如何相互关联， 潜在的神经回路重大的努力导致了各种专家模型的发展 但是碎片化阻碍了我们对时空的解释 非侵入性成像信号的特征。将与信号相关的各种模型汇集在一起 解释将是我们从非侵入性神经成像中所能了解的一个重大进步。在 本计画我们采取整合的方法来研究皮质感觉系统。我们打算 开发一套连接，经验驱动的模型，将预测感官刺激是如何编码的， 神经元群体活动的基础电生理措施（AIM 1），和血液动力学措施 (AIM 2），导致一个全面的综合模型（AIM 3）。关键综合模型（AIM 3）将 提高我们的理解，并彻底改变我们可以从fMRI获得的信息， 最有可能在人类中非侵入性地绘制详细的功能。为了实现这一目标，我们将联合收割机 血液动力学和电生理学测量在多个空间尺度在人类，并在啮齿动物， 高分辨率。这将包括非侵入性（3T和7T的fMRI，MEG和EEG）和侵入性（光学 成像，ECoG）模式。通过获得多模态记录， 同样的人，使用同样的刺激和任务，我们将能够明确地联系起来，明确和具体的， 电生理信息，广泛使用的功能磁共振成像技术，同时显着提高我们的 理解大脑活动背后的电和血液动力学现象。 该研究构成了一个多中心的努力，A）开发一个综合模型，将外部 输入神经元群体生理学到非侵入性成像测量，B）获得最新技术水平 来自相同个体的多模态记录，以便桥接模态并告知模型，C） 使用来自多种模态（ECoG，fMRI，MEG/EEG，光学记录）和大脑的数据验证模型 系统（视觉，体感和运动），以及D）使算法和数据可用于神经科学 社区，以促进项目生命周期之外的进一步发展。此外，该研究将促进 关于电生理学和功能磁共振成像之间关系的不同理论的和解，将导致 "在理解人脑动态活动方面的突破"。这些突破将是必不可少的 在改善神经系统疾病模型方面， 非侵入性的人脑活动成像。

Project Summary / Abstract A major obstacle in the study of human brain function is that we currently have limited understanding of how the measurements made by different instruments, such as fMRI and EEG, relate to one another and to the underlying neuronal circuitry. Significant efforts have led to development of models within various specialist fields, but fragmentation has held us back from advancing our interpretation of the spatiotemporal characteristics of non-invasive imaging signals. Bringing together the various models that pertain to signal interpretation would constitute a significant advance in what we can learn from non-invasive neuroimaging. In this project we take such an integrative approach to the study of cortical sensory systems. We intend to develop a set of connecting, empirically driven models that will predict how sensory stimuli are encoded in neuronal population activity underlying electrophysiological measures (AIM 1), and hemodynamic measures (AIM 2), leading to a comprehensive integrative model (AIM 3). The pivotal integrative model (AIM 3) will improve our understanding of, and revolutionize the information we can obtain from fMRI, the modality with the highest potential for mapping detailed functions non-invasively in humans. To achieve this we will combine hemodynamic and electrophysiological measurements at multiple spatial scales in humans, and in rodents at very high resolutions. This will include non-invasive (fMRI at 3T and 7T, MEG and EEG) and invasive (optical imaging, ECoG) modalities obtained from healthy humans. By obtaining multiple modality recordings from the same individuals, using the same stimuli and tasks, we will be able to unequivocally link clear and specific electrophysiological information to widely used fMRI technology, while significantly improving our understanding of the electrical and hemodynamic phenomena underlying brain activity. The research constitutes a multicenter endeavor to A) develop a comprehensive model to link external inputs to neuronal population physiology to non-invasive imaging measures, B) obtain state of the art multimodal recordings from the same individuals in order to bridge modalities and inform the models, C) validate the models with data from multiple modalities (ECoG, fMRI, MEG/EEG, optical recordings) and brain systems (visual, somatosensory and motor), and D) make algorithms and data available to the neuroscience community to foster further development beyond the project's lifetime. Moreover, the research will foster reconciliation of different theories about the relation between electrophysiology and fMRI and will lead to `breakthroughs in understanding the dynamic activity of the human brain'. Such breakthroughs will be essential in improving disease models of the nervous system, which rely on inferences about neuronal population activity from non-invasive imaging of human brain activity.