Enhanced Surveillance for New Vaccine Preventable Diseases

加强对新疫苗可预防疾病的监测

• 批准号: 9980742
• 负责人: MARY A STAAT
• 金额: $ 219.38万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9980742
• 关键词: Enhanced; Surveillance; New; Vaccine; Preventable

PROJECT SUMMARY ABSTRACT FOR THE NVSN CORE The purpose of this project is to support a network of US pediatric institutions to conduct prospective, active surveillance in defined inpatient and emergency department (ED) populations for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) and in asymptomatic healthy controls for evaluation of disease burden and annual estimates of influenza and rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE). The results from this program will be used to inform vaccine recommendations and assess the public health impact of the US rotavirus and influenza vaccination programs and provide epidemiologic data for other infectious diseases with therapeutics and vaccines in development. A second purpose is to prospectively follow children from birth to age two for a natural history study of pathogens and immunologic factors related to symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Our proposal for this study is provided separately as an Optional Component. The first objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of current or upcoming vaccines or other immunoprophylaxis strategies and to inform pediatric vaccine-related policies. This will be done through the AGE and ARI active surveillance program. The rotavirus and influenza vaccine programs will be evaluated. Children with AGE enrolled in the hospital and ED will have stool tested for rotavirus and rotavirus vaccine verification completed. Using a test-negative design, the vaccination status of children with laboratory- confirmed rotavirus will be compared to children testing negative for rotavirus to determine the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines by age and vaccine type. Children > 6 months to 18 years of age hospitalized for ARI will be enrolled, nasal and throat swabs will be tested by influenza RT-PCR and vaccine verification will be completed. VE estimates will be made using a test-negative study design by age, vaccine type and influenza sub-types. The secondary objective is to actively assess the burden of AGE and ARI pathogens in pediatric hospital and ED populations using sensitive laboratory techniques on specimens collected during the 5 years of the project. A separate healthy control surveillance program will provide age and season frequency matched children for comparison to ill children for both AGE and ARI pathogens. Age- and pathogen-specific population-based estimates of incidence will be made by site and setting (hospital and ED). A third objective is to examine the epidemiologic, host and environmental factors that are relevant for public health interventions of vaccine preventable diseases and diseases in need of preventive or treatment strategies. This will be done through investigator-initiated proposals through the surveillance and optional component. This surveillance network and its associated activities will lead to high impact public health findings in the field of vaccine preventable diseases that will ultimately contribute to strategies to reduce the overall healthcare burden from these diseases and improve the health of the US population.

NVSN 核心项目摘要 该项目的目的是支持美国儿科机构网络开展前瞻性、积极的研究 对特定住院和急诊科 (ED) 人群进行急性胃肠炎 (AGE) 监测 和急性呼吸道疾病 (ARI) 以及无症状健康对照，以评估疾病负担 以及流感和轮状病毒疫苗有效性（VE）的年度估计。该计划的结果将 用于提供疫苗建议并评估美国轮状病毒对公共卫生的影响，以及 流感疫苗接种计划并提供其他传染病的流行病学数据和治疗方法 以及正在研发的疫苗。第二个目的是前瞻性地跟踪儿童从出生到两岁的情况 与有症状和无症状相关的病原体和免疫因素的自然史研究 感染。我们对这项研究的建议作为可选组件单独提供。 第一个目标是评估当前或即将推出的疫苗或其他疫苗的有效性和影响 免疫预防策略并为儿科疫苗相关政策提供信息。这将通过 AGE 和 ARI 主动监测计划。将评估轮状病毒和流感疫苗计划。 在医院和急诊室登记的 AGE 儿童将进行粪便轮状病毒检测和轮状病毒疫苗检测 验证完成。使用测试阴性设计，实验室儿童的疫苗接种状况 确诊的轮状病毒将与轮状病毒检测呈阴性的儿童进行比较，以确定治疗的有效性 按年龄和疫苗类型划分的轮状病毒疫苗。因 ARI 住院的 6 个月至 18 岁儿童将 入组后，将进行鼻咽拭子检测，进行流感RT-PCR检测，并完成疫苗验证。 VE 估计将根据年龄、疫苗类型和流感亚型使用测试阴性研究设计进行。 次要目标是积极评估儿科医院和儿科医院中 AGE 和 ARI 病原体的负担。 ED 人群使用敏感的实验室技术对项目 5 年期间收集的标本进行分析。 单独的健康控制监测计划将提供年龄和季节频率匹配的儿童 与患病儿童的 AGE 和 ARI 病原体进行比较。基于年龄和病原体特定人群 发病率的估计将根据地点和环境（医院和急诊室）进行。 第三个目标是检查与公众相关的流行病学、宿主和环境因素。 对疫苗可预防疾病和需要预防或治疗策略的疾病进行健康干预。 这将通过调查员通过监督和可选部分提出的建议来完成。 该监测网络及其相关活动将在该领域产生具有重大影响的公共卫生发现 疫苗可预防的疾病最终将有助于减少整体医疗保健的战略 减轻这些疾病的负担并改善美国人民的健康。

项目成果

Vaccine effectiveness for laboratory-confirmed influenza in children 6-59 months of age, 2005-2007.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.037
• 发表时间: 2011-11
• 期刊: Vaccine
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: M. Staat;M. Griffin;Stephanie Donauer;K. Edwards;P. Szilagyi;G. Weinberg;C. Hall;M. Prill;S. Chaves;C. Bridges;K. Poehling;G. Fairbrother