NEAR Highway Pollution: From Research to Action

摘要 超细颗粒物（UFP）在机动车集中区域附近局部升高。证据充分 生活在高速公路或主要道路附近与呼吸道，心血管和 其他不良健康后果。在最近的工作中，我们已经证明了长期暴露于 心血管疾病风险的UFP和血液生物标志物。我们的工作以社区为基础 参与式研究（CBPR），让社区代表参与科学的各个方面。 我们已经发表了近30篇论文，显示了高生产力的能力。该提案建立在我们 了解了UFP的特性、风险评估和暴露缓解措施。我们建议一个年轻人- 参与（N=45）项目，将我们目前关于建筑物中使用空气过滤的知识基础转化为 在我们的两个合作伙伴社区实施通风系统。我们将使用一个适应的互动 传播和实施的系统框架（ISF）作为指导，我们绘制了 翻译到这个框架上。我们从研究令人惊讶的未充分研究的问题开始， 减少交通污染的好处。我们将对75名成年人进行暴露实验， 来自我们两个合作伙伴社区的参与者。参与者将暴露在未经过滤和过滤的空气中， 同时测量血压和心率。我们将评估空气质量 通过测量UFP、黑碳和PM2.5浓度，接下来，我们将翻译 利用健康影响评估（HIA）和社区参与过程将研究成果转化为实践。 HIA将评估在建筑物通风中广泛使用改进过滤的潜在健康益处 社区中的系统。随后的社区参与过程将包括设计charrettes （建筑规划练习），然后试图影响实际的建筑设计。夏雷特一家会 让多学科团队参与，寻求改变新的或改造的住房或学校的设计， 使用更多的保护性空气过滤。将我们的研究知识转化为实践的过程将是 社会科学研究的主题。我们将使用经过验证的标准量表以及定性数据， 评估青年的参与是否会增加积极的公民意识和环境卫生知识。会 对社区进程进行定性评估，以更多地了解相关科学如何能够 影响社区一级做法。在公共卫生研究中使用设计Charrettes，对我们来说， 知识，小说。我们提出的研究是非常重要和创新的，因为数百万美国人生活在 附近的交通繁忙，几乎没有严格的工作已经解决了空气过滤的健康益处或如何 影响了社区空气处理系统的设计。这项工作的综合影响将得到改善 了解如何减轻UFP暴露对当地社区的影响，这可能有助于 改善公共卫生。

Abstract Ultrafine particles (UFP) are elevated locally near areas of concentrated motor vehicles. Evidence is strong that living near highways or major roadways is associated with increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and other adverse health outcomes. In recent work, we have shown associations between chronic exposure to UFP and blood biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk. Our work has been conducted as community-based participatory research (CBPR) with involvement of community representatives in all aspects of the science. We have published almost 30 papers showing capacity for high productivity. This proposal builds on what we have learned regarding UFP characterization, risk assessment, and exposure mitigation. We propose a youth- engaged (N=45) project that translates our current knowledge base about use of air filtration in building ventilation systems into practice in two of our partner communities. We will use an adaption of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) as a guide and we map each step of the process for translation onto this framework. We start with research on the surprisingly understudied problem of benefits of reducing exposure to traffic pollution. We will conduct exposure experiments with 75 adult participants from our two partner communities. Participants will be exposed to unfiltered and filtered air from a building ventilation system while their blood pressure and heart rate are measured. We will evaluate air quality indoors and outdoors by measuring UFP, black carbon and PM2.5 concentrations. Next, we will translate our research results into practice using Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) and a community-engagement process. The HIAs will assess the potential health benefits of widespread use of improved filtration in building ventilation systems in the communities. The subsequent community engaged process will consist of design charrettes (architectural planning exercises) followed by attempts to influence actual building designs. The charrettes will engage multidisciplinary teams seeking to alter the design of new or retrofitted housing or schools so that they use more protective air filtration. The process of moving our research knowledge into practice will be the subject of social science studies. We will use validated and standard scales as well as qualitative data to assess whether youth participation increases active citizenship and environmental health literacy. There will be a qualitative evaluation of the community processes to learn more about how the relevant science can influence community-level practice. The use of design charrettes in public health research is, to our knowledge, novel. Our proposed research is highly significant and innovative in that millions of Americans live near heavy traffic and little rigorous work has addressed either the health benefits of air filtration or how to influence air handling system design in communities. The combined impact of this work will be improved understanding of how to mitigate the effects of UFP exposure in local communities which could contribute to improving public health.