NEAR Highway Pollution: From Research to Action

摘要 超细颗粒物(UFP)在机动车密集区域附近局部升高。证据确凿 居住在高速公路或主要道路附近与呼吸系统、心血管疾病和 其他不利的健康后果。在最近的工作中，我们已经证明了长期接触 UFP和心血管疾病风险的血液生物标记物。我们的工作一直是以社区为基础的 参与性研究(CBPR)，社区代表参与科学的所有方面。 我们已经发表了近30篇论文，展示了高生产率的能力。这项建议建立在我们的基础上 了解了有关UFP的特性、风险评估和减少接触的知识。我们推荐一位年轻人- 参与(N=45)项目，翻译我们当前关于建筑中使用空气过滤的知识库 通风系统在我们的两个合作社区中付诸实践。我们将使用Interactive的改编版 传播和实施系统框架(ISF)作为指南，我们绘制了 翻译到这个框架上的过程。我们从研究令人惊讶的未被研究的问题开始 减少暴露于交通污染的好处。我们将对75名成年人进行暴露实验 来自我们两个合作伙伴社区的参与者。参与者将暴露在未经过滤和过滤的空气中 建立通风系统，同时测量血压和心率。我们将评估空气质量 通过测量室内和室外的UFP、炭黑和PM2.5浓度。接下来，我们将把我们的 使用健康影响评估(HIA)和社区参与进程将研究结果付诸实践。 HIAs将评估在建筑物通风中广泛使用改进的过滤系统对健康的潜在益处。 社区中的系统。随后的社区参与过程将由设计摘要组成 (建筑规划练习)，然后试图影响实际的建筑设计。卡特里特将会 与寻求改变新的或翻新的住房或学校的设计的多学科团队合作，以便他们 使用更具保护性的空气过滤。将我们的研究知识转化为实践的过程将是 社会科学研究的学科。我们将使用经过验证和标准的量表以及定性数据来 评估青年参与是否增加了积极的公民意识和环境健康素养。会有的 对社区进程进行定性评估，以了解相关科学如何 影响社区层面的实践。在公共卫生研究中使用设计图表对我们来说， 知识，小说。我们提出的研究具有非常重要的意义和创新性，因为数百万美国人 近乎繁忙的交通，几乎没有严谨的工作涉及空气过滤的健康益处，或者如何 影响社区的空调系统设计。这项工作的综合影响将得到改善 了解如何减轻UFP暴露在当地社区的影响，这可能有助于 改善公共卫生。

Abstract Ultrafine particles (UFP) are elevated locally near areas of concentrated motor vehicles. Evidence is strong that living near highways or major roadways is associated with increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and other adverse health outcomes. In recent work, we have shown associations between chronic exposure to UFP and blood biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk. Our work has been conducted as community-based participatory research (CBPR) with involvement of community representatives in all aspects of the science. We have published almost 30 papers showing capacity for high productivity. This proposal builds on what we have learned regarding UFP characterization, risk assessment, and exposure mitigation. We propose a youth- engaged (N=45) project that translates our current knowledge base about use of air filtration in building ventilation systems into practice in two of our partner communities. We will use an adaption of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) as a guide and we map each step of the process for translation onto this framework. We start with research on the surprisingly understudied problem of benefits of reducing exposure to traffic pollution. We will conduct exposure experiments with 75 adult participants from our two partner communities. Participants will be exposed to unfiltered and filtered air from a building ventilation system while their blood pressure and heart rate are measured. We will evaluate air quality indoors and outdoors by measuring UFP, black carbon and PM2.5 concentrations. Next, we will translate our research results into practice using Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) and a community-engagement process. The HIAs will assess the potential health benefits of widespread use of improved filtration in building ventilation systems in the communities. The subsequent community engaged process will consist of design charrettes (architectural planning exercises) followed by attempts to influence actual building designs. The charrettes will engage multidisciplinary teams seeking to alter the design of new or retrofitted housing or schools so that they use more protective air filtration. The process of moving our research knowledge into practice will be the subject of social science studies. We will use validated and standard scales as well as qualitative data to assess whether youth participation increases active citizenship and environmental health literacy. There will be a qualitative evaluation of the community processes to learn more about how the relevant science can influence community-level practice. The use of design charrettes in public health research is, to our knowledge, novel. Our proposed research is highly significant and innovative in that millions of Americans live near heavy traffic and little rigorous work has addressed either the health benefits of air filtration or how to influence air handling system design in communities. The combined impact of this work will be improved understanding of how to mitigate the effects of UFP exposure in local communities which could contribute to improving public health.