Community Assessment of Freeway Pollution and Health

项目摘要/摘要我们提出了一项CBPR研究，研究主要高速公路附近的空气污染梯度与健康影响之间的关系。有证据表明：(1)居住在高速公路附近的人对机动车尾气中超细颗粒（UFP； 0.01-1微米）和黑碳等成分的暴露显著增加；(2)机动车污染与成人心脏病死亡率和发病率以及儿童哮喘和肺功能下降有关。c反应蛋白（CRP）是心脏病风险的炎症标志物，已被证明在颗粒物暴露变化的反应中会增加，使其成为对心脏健康潜在影响的可行指标。我们的核心研究包括测量波士顿地区高速公路400米内6个社区的5种交通相关污染物（即UFP， PM2.5, NOx， CO，黑碳，微粒多环芳烃）。此外，还将监测距离高速公路1000米的背景场地b>。我们将对居住在社区的居民进行科学调查，以确定儿童哮喘的患病率。我们将确定居民目前在附近高速公路区域内停留的时间，并严格测量社区内的高速公路污染梯度。我们将记录工作、学校和通勤时的接触情况。对于非吸烟家庭的一部分，我们将对儿童进行肺功能测试，并分析成人每人的多个血液样本的CRP和纤维蛋白原。我们的研究将(1)首次测试高速公路污染梯度与健康生物标志物之间的关系，(2)首次对高速公路污染进行CBPR研究，以及(3)最全面的暴露区时间和许多混杂因素和影响修饰因子的数据收集。我们将进行双变量和回归分析，并开发了初步的数学模型来构建我们分析大数据集的方法。我们的团队由塔夫茨大学的教师和来自社区组织的6名共同调查员组成，他们关注高速公路对社区居民健康的影响。我们将从社区培训和雇用现场工作人员，并成立一个咨询委员会。我们将通过参与我们的指导委员会和咨询委员会，把社区参与与科学联系起来。我们的研究旨在报告当地有用的信息，并影响紧迫的国家政策需求。制定这一建议是为了积极地让居住在主要高速公路附近的社区参与有关从高速公路流出的污染物梯度（约200米）对健康影响的科学研究。该研究强调了超细颗粒在儿童哮喘发展、非哮喘儿童肺功能下降以及成人炎症和心脏病风险标志物（c反应蛋白）增加中的作用。与公共卫生的关系：制定这一建议是为了积极地让居住在主要高速公路附近的社区参与有关从高速公路流出的污染物梯度（约200米）对健康影响的科学研究。该研究强调了超细颗粒在儿童哮喘发展、非哮喘儿童肺功能下降以及成人炎症和心脏病风险标志物（c反应蛋白）增加中的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract We propose a CBPR study of the relationship between air pollution gradients and health effects in individuals living next to major highways. There is evidence that (1) people living close to highways experience significantly elevated exposures to constituents of motor vehicle exhaust including ultrafine particles (UFP; 0.01-1 microns) and black carbon; and (2) that motor vehicle pollution is associated with cardiac mortality and morbidity in adults, and asthma and reduced lung function in children. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker of risk for cardiac illness, has been shown to increase in response to changes in particulate exposure, making it a viable indicator of the potential impact on cardiac health. Our core study involves measuring 5 traffic-related pollutants (i.e., UFP, PM2.5, NOx, CO, black carbon, particulate PAH) in 6 neighborhoods within 400 meters of highways through in the Boston area. A background site >1000 m from highways will also be monitored. We will compete a scientific survey of residents living in the neighborhoods to determine pediatric asthma prevalence. We will determine the time residents spent within the near highway zone currently and rigorously measure highway pollution gradients in the neighborhoods. We will document exposures at work, school and while commuting. For a subset of non-smoking households we will obtain pulmonary function tests from children and analyze multiple blood samples per person from adults for CRP and fibrinogen. Our study will be (1) the first to test associations between highway pollution gradients and biological markers of health, (2) the first CBPR study of highway pollution, and (3) the most comprehensive collection of data on time spent in the exposure zone and many confounders and effect modifiers. We will conduct bivariate and regression analyses and have developed preliminary mathematical models that frame our approach to analyzing the large set of data. Our team consists of faculty at Tufts University and 6 co- investigators from community organizations that are concerned about the impact of highways on the health of residents in their communities. We will train and hire field staff from the communities and have an advisory board. We will link community participation to the science through participation in our steering committee and through our advisory board. Our study is designed to report useful information locally as well as influence pressing national policy needs. This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults.