Community Assessment of Freeway Pollution and Health

描述(由申请人提供)：项目摘要/摘要我们建议进行一项CBPR研究，研究居住在主要公路附近的个人的空气污染梯度与健康影响之间的关系。有证据表明，(1)居住在高速公路附近的人接触机动车尾气成分，包括超细颗粒(UFP；0.01-1微米)和黑碳的量显著增加；(2)机动车污染与成人的心脏死亡和发病率以及儿童的哮喘和肺功能减退有关。C反应蛋白(CRP)是心脏疾病风险的炎性标志物，已被证明随着颗粒物暴露的变化而增加，使其成为对心脏健康潜在影响的可行指标。我们的核心研究涉及在波士顿地区高速公路400米范围内的6个社区测量5种与交通相关的污染物(即UFP、PM2.5、NOx、CO、黑碳、颗粒物多环芳烃)。距离高速公路1000米的背景地点也将受到监测。我们将对居住在该社区的居民进行科学调查，以确定儿童哮喘的患病率。我们将确定居民目前在附近高速公路区停留的时间，并严格测量邻近地区的公路污染梯度。我们将记录工作、学校和通勤时的暴露情况。对于不吸烟家庭的一部分，我们将从儿童那里获得肺功能测试，并分析每个成年人的多个血液样本中的CRP和纤维蛋白原。我们的研究将是(1)首次测试公路污染梯度与健康生物标志物之间的关联，(2)首次对公路污染进行CBPR研究，(3)最全面地收集在曝光区花费的时间以及许多混杂因素和影响修饰物的数据。我们将进行双变量和回归分析，并开发了初步的数学模型，以框架我们的方法来分析大量数据。我们的团队由塔夫茨大学的教员和6名来自社区组织的合作调查员组成，他们关注高速公路对社区居民健康的影响。我们将从社区培训和雇用外地工作人员，并设立一个顾问委员会。我们将通过参与我们的指导委员会和我们的顾问委员会，将社区参与与科学联系起来。我们的研究旨在报告当地有用的信息，并影响紧迫的国家政策需求。制定这项建议是为了让居住在离主要公路非常近的社区积极参与关于从公路上下来的污染物梯度(约200米)对健康影响的科学研究。这项研究强调了超细颗粒在儿童哮喘发展、非哮喘儿童肺功能降低以及成人炎症和心脏病风险(C-反应蛋白)增加方面的作用。与公共健康相关：这项提议旨在让居住在离主要高速公路非常近的社区积极参与关于高速公路上污染物梯度(约200米)对健康影响的科学研究。这项研究强调了超细颗粒在儿童哮喘发展、非哮喘儿童肺功能降低以及成人炎症和心脏病风险(C-反应蛋白)增加方面的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract We propose a CBPR study of the relationship between air pollution gradients and health effects in individuals living next to major highways. There is evidence that (1) people living close to highways experience significantly elevated exposures to constituents of motor vehicle exhaust including ultrafine particles (UFP; 0.01-1 microns) and black carbon; and (2) that motor vehicle pollution is associated with cardiac mortality and morbidity in adults, and asthma and reduced lung function in children. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker of risk for cardiac illness, has been shown to increase in response to changes in particulate exposure, making it a viable indicator of the potential impact on cardiac health. Our core study involves measuring 5 traffic-related pollutants (i.e., UFP, PM2.5, NOx, CO, black carbon, particulate PAH) in 6 neighborhoods within 400 meters of highways through in the Boston area. A background site >1000 m from highways will also be monitored. We will compete a scientific survey of residents living in the neighborhoods to determine pediatric asthma prevalence. We will determine the time residents spent within the near highway zone currently and rigorously measure highway pollution gradients in the neighborhoods. We will document exposures at work, school and while commuting. For a subset of non-smoking households we will obtain pulmonary function tests from children and analyze multiple blood samples per person from adults for CRP and fibrinogen. Our study will be (1) the first to test associations between highway pollution gradients and biological markers of health, (2) the first CBPR study of highway pollution, and (3) the most comprehensive collection of data on time spent in the exposure zone and many confounders and effect modifiers. We will conduct bivariate and regression analyses and have developed preliminary mathematical models that frame our approach to analyzing the large set of data. Our team consists of faculty at Tufts University and 6 co- investigators from community organizations that are concerned about the impact of highways on the health of residents in their communities. We will train and hire field staff from the communities and have an advisory board. We will link community participation to the science through participation in our steering committee and through our advisory board. Our study is designed to report useful information locally as well as influence pressing national policy needs. This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults.