A computational framework for attention during urgent choices

紧急选择期间注意力的计算框架

• 批准号: 9983193
• 负责人: Emilio Salinas
• 金额: $ 19.38万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-24 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9983193
• 关键词: Area; Astronomy; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Biological Models; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Choice Behavior; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Complex; Computer Models; Computers; Cues; Data; Data Collection; Development; Discrimination; Dissociation; Environment; Evaluation; Evolution; Eye; Eye Movements; Family; Feedback; Future; Goals; Hybrids; Individual; Individual Differences; Judgment; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motion; Motivation; Motor; Participant; Perception; Performance; Physics; Population; Process; Property; Psychometrics; Psychophysics; Reaction Time; Recording of previous events; Reflex action; Reporting; Saccades; Scheme; Sensory; Speed; Structure; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translations; Tweens; Video Games; Visual; Visuospatial; Work; base; cognitive function; computer framework; design; experience; experimental study; flexibility; frontal eye fields; gaze; human subject; innovation; instrument; neurobiological mechanism; neurophysiology; novel; oculomotor; oculomotor behavior; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; sensory stimulus; temporal measurement; visual information; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract The choice of where to look next entails selecting one particular motor action from a repertoire of available options, with the selection process being guided primarily by current perceptual information and, more indi- rectly, by internal factors such as motivation, current goals, previous experience, etc. The goal of this project is to develop and test a mechanistic framework for describing how perceptual and motor-planning processes dynamically interact and give rise to saccadic choices. What is partiuclarly ambitious about this project is that it aims to provide a parametrically detailed framework that is applicable to a large family of tasks while being tightly constrained by neurophysiology. In traditional studies of choice behavior, a decision based on a sen- sory stimulus is made first and is then followed by a motor report. Under such conditions, a choice is often conceived as a serial process of perceptual evaluation followed by action selection, where the perceptual judg- ment (e.g., a color or motion discrimination) is relatively slow (∼hundreds of ms). However, in the case of saccadic choices this scheme is rather misleading, because under natural viewing conditions the median time between gaze fixations is rather short (200–250 ms), and the next saccade is always being planned. Based on urgency manipulations, recent work from our laboratory has uncovered many details about how perception and attention guide the choice process under more temporally realistic conditions, i.e., when the perceptual evaluation occurs rapidly (< 50 ms) and informs oculomotor plans that are already ongoing. By combining our urgent-choice paradigms with neurophysiological and theoretical results, we have developed a modeling framework that (1) is applicable to a wide range of saccadic choice tasks, (2) replicates rich psychophysical data with exquisite detail, and (3) is firmly consistent with the oculomotor activity observed in the frontal eye field (FEF). Here we propose to develop and test this framework and its predictions with a variety of saccadic choice tasks to be performed by human subjects. These tasks give rise to psychometric measurements that are unique in their temporal resolution, and based on such measurements, we will investigate how exogenous (saliency- driven) and endogenous (rule-driven) spatial attention relate to oculomotor activity, how they interact with and differ from each other, and how their dynamics relate to individual differences in task performance be- tween participants. Using the computational model to fit the data, we will test specific mechanistic hypotheses about visuomotor interactions. The key innovations of this project are, first, that it investigates eye movements in the rapid timescale that is relevant for naturally occurring visuomotor behaviors; second, that it is integra- tive, i.e., it aims to synthesize numerous neurophysiological and psychophysical results into a small number of principles whereby perceptuo-motor interactions give rise to saccadic choices; and third, that it identifies robust psychometric properties that can serve to characterize fundamental cognitive functions in both healthy and clinical populations.

项目摘要/摘要 选择下一步查看的位置需要从可用曲目中选择一个特定的运动动作 选项，选择过程主要由当前的感知信息指导，更多的是指示- 直接地，由内部因素，如动机，当前的目标，以前的经验等。这个项目的目标 是开发和测试一个机械框架，用于描述感知和运动规划过程 动态互动，并产生跳动的选择。这个项目特别雄心勃勃的地方是 它的目的是提供一个参数详细的框架，该框架适用于一大类任务，同时 受到神经生理学的严格限制。在传统的选择行为研究中，基于感觉的决定-- 首先进行fi刺激，然后是运动报告。在这种情况下，选择往往是 被认为是一个由感知评估到行动选择的一系列过程，其中，感知判断-- 处理(例如，颜色或运动辨别)相对较慢(∼为数百毫秒)。然而，在这种情况下 扫视选择这一方案是相当误导的，因为在自然观看条件下，中值时间 两次凝视fi的间隔相当短(200-250ms)，下一次扫视总是在计划之中。基于 紧急操作，我们实验室最近的工作揭示了许多细节，即如何感知 而注意在时间上更现实的条件下引导选择过程，即当知觉 评估进行得很快(&lt；50毫秒)，并通知已经在进行中的动眼计划。通过组合 我们迫切选择的范式与神经生理学和理论结果相结合，我们开发了一个模型 框架(1)适用于广泛的扫视选择任务，(2)复制丰富的心理物理数据 以及(3)fiRMLY是否与在前眼fi视野中观察到的眼球运动活动一致 (FEF)。在这里，我们建议开发和测试这个框架和它的预测与各种跳动选择 由人类受试者执行的任务。这些任务产生了独特的心理测量方法 在它们的时间分辨率上，并基于这样的测量，我们将调查外源性(显著- 驱动的)和内源性的(规则驱动的)空间注意与眼球运动活动有关，它们如何与 并且彼此不同，它们的动态与任务绩效的个体差异是如何关联的- 补间参与者。使用计算模型对数据进行fi检验，我们将检验特殊的fic机械假设。 关于视觉运动的相互作用。这个项目的主要创新是，first，它调查眼睛的运动 在与自然发生的视觉运动行为相关的快速时间尺度中；第二，它是整合的- 主动性，即它的目标是将大量的神经生理和心理物理结果综合成一小部分 知觉-运动相互作用产生跳视选择的原理；第三，它与fiES一致 强健的心理测量学特性，可以用来表征健康的 和临床人群。