Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) Visualization for Evaluation of Risk in Aerosol-Generating Procedures

用于评估气溶胶生成程序风险的背景导向纹影 (BOS) 可视化

• 批准号: 10354549
• 负责人: Nelson Scott Howard
• 金额: $ 18.21万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10354549
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Address; Aerosols; Air; Algorithms; Bypass; COVID-19 pandemic; Clinical; Communicable Diseases; Data; Dimensions; Disease Outbreaks; Evaluation; Future; Goals; Health Personnel; Human; Image; Influenza; Intubation; Knowledge; Light; Lighting; Liquid substance; Manikins; Mechanics; Medical; Methods; Optics; Oral cavity; Patients; Pattern; Procedures; Publishing; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; System; Techniques; Time; Tracheostomy procedure; Virus Diseases; Visualization; Work; base; density; design; experimental study; high risk; image processing; in vivo; indexing; novel; pandemic disease; pathogen; portability; prototype; risk minimization; risk mitigation; surgical mask; tool; transmission process; ventilation

Project Summary Aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) are medical procedures that produce aerosols that can be laden with pathogens if the patient has a viral infection, such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza. These aerosols pose a significant risk to health care workers, as they can linger in the air for extended periods of time and are small enough to bypass ordinary surgical masks. There is currently no established, unambiguous way to evaluate the risks to healthcare workers associated with a specific AGP, nor is there a rigorous method by which to assess a proposed risk-mitigation strategy. To address this gap, a flow visualization technique must be developed that can be applied in a clinical setting during actual medical procedures and is capable of detecting aerosol-laden flows produced by AGPs or potential AGPs. In this R21 proposal, we will adapt background-oriented schlieren (BOS) visualization, a method from fluid mechanics, into a technique that can be applied to study flows produced by AGPs. The R21 project is high risk with no published preliminary data, but the PIs have successfully demonstrated visualziation of aerosols produced by jet ventilation, a specific type of AGP, using BOS in a proof-of-concept experiment. The proposed work is significant and timely, as assessment of the risk associated with AGPs is extremely important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will use the novel BOS technique to assess risks and evaluate mitigation strategies for three specific AGPs in both ex vivo and in vivo conditions. Specific Aim 1: Develop a human-scale BOS system and establish a procedure for evaluating the risk of AGPs in a clinical setting. Specific Aim 2: Quantify the risk of aerosol exposure under different simulated and in-vivo conditions, and identify strategies to mitigate the risks. The significance and impact of the proposed research will be in developing a tool for unambiguously evaluat- ing the risks associated with AGPs in realistic clinical settings, and urgently-needed risk assessments for three specific AGPs and experimentally verified risk mitigation strategies for each.

项目摘要 气溶胶生成程序（AGP）是生产可载有气溶胶的医疗程序 病原体如果患者患有病毒感染，例如SARS-COV-2或流体。这些气溶胶显着 卫生保健工作者的风险，因为他们可以长时间徘徊，并且足够小 绕过普通手术口罩。目前尚无确立的，明确的方式来评估风险 与特定AGP相关的医疗保健工人，也没有一种严格的方法来评估提议的 降低风险策略。为了解决这一差距，必须开发一种可以应用的流量可视化技术 在实际的医疗程序中的临床环境中，能够检测产生的气溶胶流量 通过AGP或潜在的AGP。 在此R21建议中，我们将适应面向背景的Schlieren（BOS）可视化，这是一种来自流体的方法 力学，可用于研究AGP产生的流量的技术。 R21项目很高 没有发布初步数据的风险，但是PI成功证明了气溶胶的视觉量 通过概念验证实验中的BOS，由一种特定类型的AGP Jet通气产生。提议 工作是显着及时的，因为对与AGP相关的风险的评估在 COVID-19大流行的背景。我们将使用新颖的BOS技术来评估风险并评估缓解措施 在体内和体内条件下的三个特定AGP的策略。 特定目标1：开发人类规模的BOS系统并建立一个评估风险的程序 在临床环境中的AGP。 特定目标2：在不同的模拟和体内条件下量化气溶胶暴露的风险， 并确定降低风险的策略。 拟议的研究的重要性和影响将是开发一种用于明确评估的工具 在现实的临床环境中与AGP相关的风险，并紧急急需的三个风险评估 针对每个人的特定AGP和实验性验证的降低风险策略。