Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) Visualization for Evaluation of Risk in Aerosol-Generating Procedures

用于评估气溶胶生成程序风险的背景导向纹影 (BOS) 可视化

• 批准号: 10545023
• 负责人: Nelson Scott Howard
• 金额: $ 20.89万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10545023
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Address; Aerosols; Air; Algorithms; Bypass; COVID-19 pandemic; Clinical; Communicable Diseases; Data; Dimensions; Disease Outbreaks; Evaluation; Future; Goals; Health Personnel; Health protection; Human; Image; Influenza; Intubation; Knowledge; Light; Lighting; Liquid substance; Manikins; Mechanics; Medical; Methods; Optics; Oral cavity; Patients; Pattern; Procedures; Publishing; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; System; Techniques; Time; Tracheostomy procedure; Virus Diseases; Visualization; Work; current pandemic; density; design; experimental study; high risk; image processing; in vivo; indexing; novel; pathogen; portability; prototype; risk minimization; risk mitigation; surgical mask; tool; transmission process; ventilation

Project Summary Aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) are medical procedures that produce aerosols that can be laden with pathogens if the patient has a viral infection, such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza. These aerosols pose a significant risk to health care workers, as they can linger in the air for extended periods of time and are small enough to bypass ordinary surgical masks. There is currently no established, unambiguous way to evaluate the risks to healthcare workers associated with a specific AGP, nor is there a rigorous method by which to assess a proposed risk-mitigation strategy. To address this gap, a flow visualization technique must be developed that can be applied in a clinical setting during actual medical procedures and is capable of detecting aerosol-laden flows produced by AGPs or potential AGPs. In this R21 proposal, we will adapt background-oriented schlieren (BOS) visualization, a method from fluid mechanics, into a technique that can be applied to study flows produced by AGPs. The R21 project is high risk with no published preliminary data, but the PIs have successfully demonstrated visualziation of aerosols produced by jet ventilation, a specific type of AGP, using BOS in a proof-of-concept experiment. The proposed work is significant and timely, as assessment of the risk associated with AGPs is extremely important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will use the novel BOS technique to assess risks and evaluate mitigation strategies for three specific AGPs in both ex vivo and in vivo conditions. Specific Aim 1: Develop a human-scale BOS system and establish a procedure for evaluating the risk of AGPs in a clinical setting. Specific Aim 2: Quantify the risk of aerosol exposure under different simulated and in-vivo conditions, and identify strategies to mitigate the risks. The significance and impact of the proposed research will be in developing a tool for unambiguously evaluat- ing the risks associated with AGPs in realistic clinical settings, and urgently-needed risk assessments for three specific AGPs and experimentally verified risk mitigation strategies for each.

项目总结