Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) Visualization for Evaluation of Risk in Aerosol-Generating Procedures

用于评估气溶胶生成程序风险的背景导向纹影 (BOS) 可视化

• 批准号: 10545023
• 负责人: Nelson Scott Howard
• 金额: $ 20.89万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10545023
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Address; Aerosols; Air; Algorithms; Bypass; COVID-19 pandemic; Clinical; Communicable Diseases; Data; Dimensions; Disease Outbreaks; Evaluation; Future; Goals; Health Personnel; Health protection; Human; Image; Influenza; Intubation; Knowledge; Light; Lighting; Liquid substance; Manikins; Mechanics; Medical; Methods; Optics; Oral cavity; Patients; Pattern; Procedures; Publishing; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; System; Techniques; Time; Tracheostomy procedure; Virus Diseases; Visualization; Work; current pandemic; density; design; experimental study; high risk; image processing; in vivo; indexing; novel; pathogen; portability; prototype; risk minimization; risk mitigation; surgical mask; tool; transmission process; ventilation

Project Summary Aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) are medical procedures that produce aerosols that can be laden with pathogens if the patient has a viral infection, such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza. These aerosols pose a significant risk to health care workers, as they can linger in the air for extended periods of time and are small enough to bypass ordinary surgical masks. There is currently no established, unambiguous way to evaluate the risks to healthcare workers associated with a specific AGP, nor is there a rigorous method by which to assess a proposed risk-mitigation strategy. To address this gap, a flow visualization technique must be developed that can be applied in a clinical setting during actual medical procedures and is capable of detecting aerosol-laden flows produced by AGPs or potential AGPs. In this R21 proposal, we will adapt background-oriented schlieren (BOS) visualization, a method from fluid mechanics, into a technique that can be applied to study flows produced by AGPs. The R21 project is high risk with no published preliminary data, but the PIs have successfully demonstrated visualziation of aerosols produced by jet ventilation, a specific type of AGP, using BOS in a proof-of-concept experiment. The proposed work is significant and timely, as assessment of the risk associated with AGPs is extremely important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will use the novel BOS technique to assess risks and evaluate mitigation strategies for three specific AGPs in both ex vivo and in vivo conditions. Specific Aim 1: Develop a human-scale BOS system and establish a procedure for evaluating the risk of AGPs in a clinical setting. Specific Aim 2: Quantify the risk of aerosol exposure under different simulated and in-vivo conditions, and identify strategies to mitigate the risks. The significance and impact of the proposed research will be in developing a tool for unambiguously evaluat- ing the risks associated with AGPs in realistic clinical settings, and urgently-needed risk assessments for three specific AGPs and experimentally verified risk mitigation strategies for each.

项目概要 气溶胶产生程序 (AGP) 是产生气溶胶的医疗程序，气溶胶可能含有 如果患者患有病毒感染，例如 SARS-CoV-2 或流感，则可能存在病原体。这些气溶胶对 对医护人员构成风险，因为它们可以在空气中停留很长时间，而且体积小到足以 绕过普通外科口罩。目前还没有既定的、明确的方法来评估风险 与特定 AGP 相关的医护人员，也没有严格的方法来评估拟议的 AGP 风险缓解策略。为了解决这一差距，必须开发一种可以应用的流量可视化技术 在实际医疗过程中的临床环境中，能够检测产生的气溶胶流 通过 AGP 或潜在的 AGP。 在这个 R21 提案中，我们将采用面向背景的纹影 (BOS) 可视化，这是一种来自流体的方法 力学，转化为可用于研究 AGP 产生的流动的技术。 R21项目高 尚未发布初步数据的风险，但 PI 已成功演示了气溶胶的可视化 通过喷射通风（一种特定类型的 AGP）在概念验证实验中使用 BOS 产生。拟议的 这项工作意义重大且及时，因为与 AGP 相关的风险评估对于 COVID-19 大流行的背景。我们将使用新颖的 BOS 技术来评估风险并评估缓解措施 三种特定 AGP 在离体和体内条件下的策略。 具体目标 1：开发人性化的 BOS 系统并建立风险评估程序 AGP 在临床环境中的应用。 具体目标 2：量化不同模拟和体内条件下气溶胶暴露的风险， 并确定降低风险的策略。 拟议研究的意义和影响将在于开发一种工具来明确评估 在现实的临床环境中评估与 AGP 相关的风险，以及急需的三个风险评估 具体的 AGP 和经过实验验证的风险缓解策略。