Mechanisms of Modulation of Gut Immunity by Ingested Uranium and Mixed Metal Exposures

BioProject- Gut（BP Gut）专注于胃肠道中金属诱导的免疫毒性机制 (GIT)在一系列使用小鼠和人类细胞和组织的研究中，英国石油公司（BP） 与所有SRP METALS环境和生物项目相结合，包括BP Lung和BP Comm. BP Gut依赖于CEC和DMAC的工作。研究的一个总主题是理解 在新墨西哥州矿区或附近存在的金属可能会暴露社区成员， 免疫毒性我们专注于通过口服途径给予的可溶性和颗粒形式的铀（U）和钒（V 因为在我们的社区中已经观察到多次接触这些类型的混合金属， 伙伴我们先前在第一阶段研究中已经表明，小鼠口服（45天）饮用水暴露于U铅 GIT的高暴露导致淋巴和上皮细胞的显着变化，在小和大的 肠在SA 1中，小鼠研究将探索暴露于铀酰后的体内、离体和体外研究 乙酸（UA，可溶性）和柠檬酸铀（UCit，不溶性纳米材料），原钒酸钠（Na 3VO 4， 可溶的）和氧化钒（V2 O 4，不溶的）。这些金属将单独勘探，并与 其他金属，包括砷。此外，还将研究富含钾霞石的环境衍生矿样品， 小鼠我们将筛选小肠和大肠剪的mRNA变化，重点是细胞因子，氧化 应激和芳香烃受体（AhR）途径。这些研究的另一个新方面是， 我们将对这些小鼠的粪便进行微生物组宏基因组分析， 粪便使用一个大的代谢组学面板，以确定可能的途径，负责免疫 调变在SA 2中，我们将检查这些相同的金属和混合物对人类结肠的毒性。 从正常人类供体获得的类器官。我们将评估这些组织中的代谢变化， 体外暴露，我们将评估上皮屏障功能的变化，使用类器官和人类 结肠细胞系。细胞跨上皮电阻、mRNA和蛋白表达的变化 将研究膜紧密连接分子以理解屏障破坏的机制。在SA 3中， 我们将与CEC和BP Comm合作，检查社区研究参与者的粪便样本 对于金属暴露，炎症生物标志物、微生物组宏基因组学和代谢组学特征的变化 在SA 1和SA 2中检查。这些研究将依赖于统计和混合金属分析， DMAC。这些研究的最终目标是解决社区对接触混合 来自废弃铀矿和其他硬金属矿的金属，导致潜在的免疫变化 和疾病。这些研究的数据将通过CEC告知社区如何避免接触， 向环境项目（ESE PM、ESE Remed）通报这些场地的潜在补救措施。

BioProject- Gut (BP Gut) focuses on mechanisms of metal-induced immunotoxicity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mice and humans in a series of studies using mouse and human cells and tissues. BP Gut is highly integrated with all SRP METALS environmental and biologic projects, including BP Lung and BP Comm. BP Gut relies on the work of the CEC and the DMAC. An overall theme of the studies is the understanding of how metals present in or near mine sites in New Mexico might expose community members leading to immunotoxicity. We focus on soluble and particulate forms uranium (U), and vanadium (V) given via oral routes of exposure, because multiple exposures to these types of mixed metals has been observed in our community partners. We have previously shown during Phase 1 that oral (45d) drinking water exposure of mice to U leads to high exposures of GIT leading to significant changes in lymphoid and epithelial cells in the small and large intestines. In SA1, mouse studies will explore in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies following exposures to uranyl acetate (UA, soluble) and uranium citrate (UCit, insoluble nanomaterial), sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4, soluble) and vanadium oxide (V2O4, insoluble). These metals will be explored alone and in combination with other metals, including arsenic. Environmentally derived mine samples rich in carnotite will also be studied in mice. We will screen for mRNA changes in small and large intestinal snips focusing on cytokines, oxidative stress, and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathways. An additional novel aspect of these studies is that we will perform microbiome metagenomic analyses on the feces obtained from these mice, and we will screen the feces using a large metabolomic panel to determine possible pathways responsible for immune modulation. In SA2, we will examine the toxicity of these same metals and mixtures on human colonic organoids obtained from normal human donors. We will assess metabolic changes in these tissues following in vitro exposures and we will assess changes in epithelial barrier function using both organoids and human colonic cell lines. Changes in transepithelial electrical resistances, mRNA and protein expression for membrane tight junction molecules will be studied to understand mechanisms of barrier disruption. In SA3, working with the CEC and BP Comm, we will examine stool samples from study participants in the community for metal exposure, changes in inflammatory biomarkers, microbiome metagenomics, and metabolomic profiles examined in SA1 and SA2. These studies will rely on statistical and mixed metal analyses developed by DMAC. The ultimate goal of these studies is to address community concerns regarding exposure to mixed metals from abandoned uranium mines and other hard metal mines leading to potential immunologic changes and diseases. Data from these studies will inform communities through CEC on how to avoid exposures and inform environmental projects (ESE PM, ESE Remed) on potential remediation of these sites.