Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运蛋白、钙和线粒体
基本信息
- 批准号:10189721
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 50.74万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-09-15 至 2023-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AcuteAlzheimer&aposs DiseaseAstrocytesAttenuatedBackBasal metabolic rateBlood VesselsBlood flowBrainCalciumCalcium SignalingCaliberCellsChronicConsumptionCoupledCouplingDataDockingDominant-Negative MutationDynaminFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingGLAST ProteinGlucoseGlutamate TransporterGlutamatesGoalsHumanImageImpairmentInterventionIschemiaKineticsLearningMeasuresMediatingMemoryMiddle Cerebral Artery OcclusionMitochondriaMonitorMotorNervous system structureNeuraxisNeurodegenerative DisordersNeurologicNeuronsNeurotransmittersOxygenPathologyPharmacologyPositioning AttributePositron-Emission TomographyProcessProteinsPublicationsPublishingSensorySignal PathwaySignal TransductionSomatosensory CortexStimulusStrokeSynapsesTestingTimeTissuesTraumaVariantVasodilationarteriolebasedeprivationextracellulargenetic approachgenetic manipulationin vivoinhibitor/antagonistnervous system disorderneurovascularneurovascular couplingnoveloperationpost strokepresynaptic neuronspreventrelating to nervous systemresponsesensory cortextraffickingtransmission processtwo photon microscopytwo-photonvasoconstriction
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and
mediates diverse functions including sensory and motor processing, as well as learning and memory. The
energetic demand of this excitatory activity is met by a localized increase in blood flow. Although this increase
in blood flow is important to support the energy demands of neural tissue and represents the basis of the signal
monitored with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the mechanism(s) that underlie this effect remain
unresolved. Unlike other classical neurotransmitters, that are directly recycled into the presynaptic nerve
terminal, most glutamate is cleared into astrocytes. This clearance is mediated by two Na+-dependent
transporters, called GLT-1 and GLAST (or EAAT2 and EAAT1, respectively). These transporters are almost
exclusively expressed by astrocytes and enriched on fine astrocyte processes near synapses and on astrocyte
endfeet. We have recently shown that glutamate transporters, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, and mitochondria are
functionally coupled to one another in astrocyte processes. We provide a strong scientific premise for the
hypothesis that increases in blood flow upon neuronal activation are due to glutamate transport into astrocytes.
In studies proposed in Specific Aim 1, we will use 2-photon imaging combined with pharmacologic and genetic
manipulations to test the hypothesis that glutamate transport and Na+/Ca2+ exchange increase calcium in
astrocyte endfeet and that this increase in calcium is necessary for stimulus-evoked increases in arteriole
diameter in vivo. Normally, excitatory activity causes an increase in blood flow, but under some circumstances,
the response becomes inverted. In Specific Aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that preventing mitochondria from
docking in astrocyte processes/endfeet results in exaggerated stimulus-evoked calcium signaling in endfeet and
inversion of the neurovascular response. After a stroke, decreases in blood flow extend beyond the occluded
vessel. In Specific Aim 3, we will test the hypothesis that focal ischemia results in a loss of mitochondria from
astrocyte processes, exaggerated stimulus-evoked calcium signaling in endfeet, and inversion of the
neurovascular response in the penumbra These studies will define a novel mechanism by which neuronal
activity causes an increase in neuronal blood flow, will define a novel mechanism by which this response inverts,
and a determine how these phenomena contribute to dysregulated blood flow observed after stroke.
项目总结/摘要
谷氨酸是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中主要的兴奋性神经递质,
介导多种功能,包括感觉和运动处理,以及学习和记忆。 的
这种兴奋性活动的能量需求通过局部血流量的增加来满足。
在血流中的能量对于支持神经组织的能量需求是重要的,并且代表信号的基础
通过功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)监测,这种效应的机制仍然存在
未解决的。 不像其他经典的神经递质,直接循环到突触前神经
在末端,大多数谷氨酸被清除到星形胶质细胞中。 这种清除是由两个Na+-β依赖性介导的。
转运蛋白,称为GLT-1和GLAST(或EAAT 2和EAAT 1,分别)。 这些运输机几乎
仅由星形胶质细胞表达,并在突触附近的精细星形胶质细胞过程和星形胶质细胞上富集
endfeet. 我们最近发现谷氨酸转运体、Na+/Ca 2+交换体和线粒体在细胞内表达,
在星形胶质细胞的过程中功能性地相互连接。 我们提供了强有力的科学前提,
这一假说认为,神经元激活后血流量增加是由于谷氨酸转运到星形胶质细胞。
在具体目标1中提出的研究中,我们将使用2-光子成像结合药理学和遗传学,
操作,以测试谷氨酸转运和Na+/Ca 2+交换增加钙的假设,
星形胶质细胞终足,这种钙的增加是必要的刺激引起的增加,在小动脉
直径在体内。 正常情况下,兴奋性活动会导致血流量增加,但在某些情况下,
则响应变为反转。 在具体目标2中,我们将检验防止线粒体
星形胶质细胞过程/终足中的对接导致终足中过度的刺激-突触诱发的钙信号传导,
中风后,血流的减少超出了闭塞的血管,
容器。 在具体目标3中,我们将检验局灶性缺血导致线粒体损失的假设,
星形胶质细胞过程,夸张的刺激-诱发终足钙信号传导,和逆转的
半影区神经血管反应 这些研究将确定一种新的机制,
活动导致神经元血流量增加,将定义一种新的机制,通过这种机制,这种反应被逆转,
并确定这些现象如何导致中风后观察到的血流失调。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Michael Byrne Robinson其他文献
Michael Byrne Robinson的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Michael Byrne Robinson', 18)}}的其他基金
The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) at CHOP/Penn
CHOP/宾夕法尼亚大学智力与发育障碍研究中心 (IDDRC)
- 批准号:
10239998 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 50.74万 - 项目类别:
Regulation of glutamate transport in astrocyte subtypes and in ALS
星形胶质细胞亚型和 ALS 中谷氨酸转运的调节
- 批准号:
9027947 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 50.74万 - 项目类别:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运蛋白、能量学和线粒体
- 批准号:
8678737 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 50.74万 - 项目类别:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运蛋白、能量学和线粒体
- 批准号:
8520412 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 50.74万 - 项目类别:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运蛋白、钙和线粒体
- 批准号:
9518087 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 50.74万 - 项目类别:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运蛋白、能量学和线粒体
- 批准号:
8401743 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 50.74万 - 项目类别: