Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
批准号:
10189721
负责人:
Michael Byrne Robinson
金额:
$50.74万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-09-15 至 2023-06-30
关键词:
AcuteAlzheimer&aposs DiseaseAstrocytesAttenuatedBackBasal metabolic rateBlood VesselsBlood flowBrainCalciumCalcium SignalingCaliberCellsChronicConsumptionCoupledCouplingDataDockingDominant-Negative MutationDynaminFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingGLAST ProteinGlucoseGlutamate TransporterGlutamatesGoalsHumanImageImpairmentInterventionIschemiaKineticsLearningMeasuresMediatingMemoryMiddle Cerebral Artery OcclusionMitochondriaMonitorMotorNervous system structureNeuraxisNeurodegenerative DisordersNeurologicNeuronsNeurotransmittersOxygenPathologyPharmacologyPositioning AttributePositron-Emission TomographyProcessProteinsPublicationsPublishingSensorySignal PathwaySignal TransductionSomatosensory CortexStimulusStrokeSynapsesTestingTimeTissuesTraumaVariantVasodilationarteriolebasedeprivationextracellulargenetic approachgenetic manipulationin vivoinhibitor/antagonistnervous system disorderneurovascularneurovascular couplingnoveloperationpost strokepresynaptic neuronspreventrelating to nervous systemresponsesensory cortextraffickingtransmission processtwo photon microscopytwo-photonvasoconstriction
中文摘要
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英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and
mediates diverse functions including sensory and motor processing, as well as learning and memory. The
energetic demand of this excitatory activity is met by a localized increase in blood flow. Although this increase
in blood flow is important to support the energy demands of neural tissue and represents the basis of the signal
monitored with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the mechanism(s) that underlie this effect remain
unresolved. Unlike other classical neurotransmitters, that are directly recycled into the presynaptic nerve
terminal, most glutamate is cleared into astrocytes. This clearance is mediated by two Na+-dependent
transporters, called GLT-1 and GLAST (or EAAT2 and EAAT1, respectively). These transporters are almost
exclusively expressed by astrocytes and enriched on fine astrocyte processes near synapses and on astrocyte
endfeet. We have recently shown that glutamate transporters, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, and mitochondria are
functionally coupled to one another in astrocyte processes. We provide a strong scientific premise for the
hypothesis that increases in blood flow upon neuronal activation are due to glutamate transport into astrocytes.
In studies proposed in Specific Aim 1, we will use 2-photon imaging combined with pharmacologic and genetic
manipulations to test the hypothesis that glutamate transport and Na+/Ca2+ exchange increase calcium in
astrocyte endfeet and that this increase in calcium is necessary for stimulus-evoked increases in arteriole
diameter in vivo. Normally, excitatory activity causes an increase in blood flow, but under some circumstances,
the response becomes inverted. In Specific Aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that preventing mitochondria from
docking in astrocyte processes/endfeet results in exaggerated stimulus-evoked calcium signaling in endfeet and
inversion of the neurovascular response. After a stroke, decreases in blood flow extend beyond the occluded
vessel. In Specific Aim 3, we will test the hypothesis that focal ischemia results in a loss of mitochondria from
astrocyte processes, exaggerated stimulus-evoked calcium signaling in endfeet, and inversion of the
neurovascular response in the penumbra These studies will define a novel mechanism by which neuronal
activity causes an increase in neuronal blood flow, will define a novel mechanism by which this response inverts,
and a determine how these phenomena contribute to dysregulated blood flow observed after stroke.
期刊论文(1)
专著(0)
科研奖励(0)
会议论文
Administrative Core
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批准号:10450693
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$23.56万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Administrative Core
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批准号:10239999
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$18.91万
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财政年份:2021
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) at CHOP/Penn
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批准号:10239998
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$132.38万
-
财政年份:2021
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Administrative Core
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批准号:10678889
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$23.56万
-
财政年份:2021
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Regulation of glutamate transport in astrocyte subtypes and in ALS
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批准号:9027947
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$48.56万
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财政年份:2015
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Analytical Neurochemistry: Core D
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批准号:9054633
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$19.12万
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财政年份:2015
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
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批准号:8678737
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.27万
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财政年份:2012
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
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批准号:8520412
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$35.36万
-
财政年份:2012
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
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批准号:9518087
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$54.61万
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财政年份:2012
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
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批准号:8401743
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.64万
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财政年份:2012
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Analytical Neurochemistry and Spectroscopy Core
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批准号:8038873
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$22.74万
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财政年份:2010
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
CORE--ANALYTIC NEUROCHEMISTRY AND SPECTROSCOPY CORE
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批准号:7670396
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$25.53万
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财政年份:2008
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
New Perspectives in Transporter Biology (FASEB Conference)
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批准号:7000973
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$4.04万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
ANIMAL MODELS OF ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENCY
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批准号:6217849
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$14.69万
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财政年份:1999
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Trafficking of a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1
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批准号:7367901
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$32.76万
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财政年份:1999
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
TRAFFICKING OF A NEURONAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER, EXCITAT
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批准号:2893319
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$27.76万
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财政年份:1999
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
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依托单位:
Trafficking of a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1
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批准号:7027708
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$33.74万
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财政年份:1999
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负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
TRAFFICKING OF A NEURONAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER, EAAC1
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批准号:6394193
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$29.48万
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财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
TRAFFICKING OF A NEURONAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER, EAAC1
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批准号:6188296
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$31.23万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Trafficking of a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1
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批准号:6922596
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.97万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位: