The role of negative reinforcement in drug abuse

项目摘要 行为是由偶然事件所支配的，这些偶然事件将随后的刺激与存在离散刺激的反应联系起来。 辨别性刺激滥用药物滥用发展为物质使用障碍的诊断，部分， 通过行为被错误地分配给滥用药物作为积极的替代品，而远离非药物 替代的积极因素（如社会交往、食物、就业）。这些科学文献中的大部分 专注于慢性药物暴露如何降低这些积极的强化刺激。相比之下， 研究已经检查了慢性药物暴露如何改变负性行为者（例如， 驾驶限速，以消除超速罚单的出示）。本R21 CEBRA应用程序建议 在雌性和雄性大鼠中进行的临床前研究，以确定延长使用芬太尼或可卡因自身的影响， 管理和随后的终止行为维持负强化。目标#1 在雄性和雌性大鼠中建立药物与阴性药物选择程序。目标#2将比较 药物与阴性对照的扩大用药自我给药和扩大用药负强化 巧克力蛋糕。

Project Summary Behavior is governed by contingencies that relate consequent stimuli to responses in the presence of discrete discriminative stimuli. The progression of abused drug misuse to a substance use disorder is diagnosed, in part, by behavior being misallocated towards the abused drug as the positive reinforcer and away from nondrug alternative positive reinforcers (e.g. social interaction, food, employment). Much of this scientific literature has focused on how chronic drug exposure degrades these positive reinforcing stimuli. In contrast, there are few studies that have examined how chronic drug exposure alters behaviors maintained by negative reinforcers (e.g. driving the speed limit to remove the presentation of a speeding ticket). This R21 CEBRA application proposes preclinical research in female and male rats to determine the effects of extended access fentanyl or cocaine self- administration and subsequent termination on behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. Aim #1 will establish a drug-vs-negative reinforcer choice procedure in male and female rats. Aim #2 will compare effects of extended access drug self-administration and extended access negative reinforcement on drug-vs-negative reinforcer chocie.