A longitudinal study of the outcomes, risk factors, and protective factors of dating violence and other adverse events

摘要 每年，大约有25%的美国青少年和新兴成年人在身体、心理或性方面受到伤害。 约会伴侣的虐待。许多约会暴力（DV）的受害者经历了一系列毁灭性的 后果，包括急性和慢性精神和身体健康问题，自杀，犯罪，风险 性行为、药物滥用和学业/职业失败。此外，青少年家庭暴力的肇事者 成年后继续遭受亲密伴侣暴力的风险增加，受害者未来面临风险 受害和犯罪。我们对DV的绝大多数了解来自横截面 研究，缺乏短期纵向研究或长期纵向研究，其中DV是一个 次要重点往往用单项自我报告指标评估。此外，现有的长期 对老一辈青少年进行了纵向研究。鉴于不断变化的景观， 性行为和亲密关系，改变规范以支持攻击性行为，以及 由于电子/社交媒体的影响，迫切需要对家庭暴力进行当代长期纵向研究。解决 这些问题和文献中的空白，我们的研究团队（PI：Temple）完成了一个8波/8年的 对1，042名种族和社会经济背景不同的青少年进行了一项家庭暴力纵向研究。 参与者被招募并评估为大一/大二高中生（平均年龄=15岁）， 2010年，从2011年到2017年每年进行随访（从16岁到22岁）。我们建议 按照我们目前的样本再做5年，并在最后4年添加参与者的当前合作伙伴。 完成后，我们将拥有13年丰富的DV数据，涵盖从青少年到 年轻的成年期-在一个时期的特点是身份发展和开始约会的一个 以身份形成和建立更持久的亲密关系和生活为特征的 轨迹具体目标是检查1）不同形式的家庭暴力及其 在多种关系中与后来的DV相关; 2）暴露于DV和其他 不良事件对成人精神、身体和心理健康的影响; 3）对风险的双重影响， 不同时间的家庭暴力犯罪和受害情况的性别、年龄、 性取向和种族/民族，以及风险和保护因素同时 前瞻性预测每个亚组的DV和其他不良结局。这将是有史以来最长的研究 主要关注家庭暴力，并提供了一个前所未有的机会来检查轨迹， 风险和保护因素，过程和广泛的虐待行为的后果。这项研究将 毫无疑问，这为制定急需的家庭暴力预防和治疗方案提供了信息。

ABSTRACT Each year, approximately 25% of US teens and emerging adults sustain physical, psychological, or sexual abuse by dating partners. Many victims of dating violence (DV) experience a host of devastating consequences, including acute and chronic mental and physical health problems, suicidality, delinquency, risky sexual behavior, substance abuse, and academic/occupational failure. Moreover, perpetrators of teen DV are at increased risk for continuing intimate partner violence in adulthood, and victims are at risk for future victimization and perpetration. The vast majority of what we know about DV is derived from cross-sectional studies, with a paucity of short-term longitudinal studies or long-term longitudinal studies where DV was a secondary focus often assessed with single-item self-reported indicators. Moreover, existing long-term longitudinal studies were conducted on older generations of adolescents. Given the changing landscape of sexuality and intimate relationships, shifting norms in support of aggressive behaviors, and the advent of electronic/social media, a contemporary long-term longitudinal study on DV is critically needed. To address these questions and gaps in the literature, our research team (PI: Temple) completed an 8-wave/8-year longitudinal study of DV in a large sample of 1,042 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse adolescents. Participants were recruited and assessed as Freshman/Sophomore high school students (Mean age=15) in 2010, with follow-ups annually from 2011 through 2017 (from age 16 through age 22). We are proposing to follow our current sample for an additional 5 years and add current partners of participants for the final 4 years. When finished, we will have 13 years of rich DV data covering individuals from young adolescence through young adulthood—during a period characterized by identity development and the beginning of dating to one characterized by identity formation and the establishment of more permanent intimate relationships and life trajectories. Specific aims are to examine 1) the longitudinal association of different forms of DV and their association with later DV across multiple relationships; 2) the long-term impact of exposure to DV and other adverse events on adult mental, physical, and psychosocial health; 3) dyadic influences on risk for, and protection from, DV across time; and 4) differences in DV perpetration and victimization over time by sex, age, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, and in the ability of risk and protective factors to concurrently and prospectively predict DV and other adverse outcomes in each subgroup. This will be the longest study ever conducted with a primary focus on DV, and provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine trajectories, risk and protective factors, course, and consequences of a wide spectrum of abusive behaviors. The study will undoubtedly inform the development of critically needed DV prevention and treatment programs.