RFA-CE-23-005, Longitudinal mixed-methods study of Firearms among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults

摘要 枪支伤害和暴力(FIV)是一种公共卫生流行病。在过去的二十年里，意外伤害， 自杀和凶杀是青少年和初出茅庐的成年人的前三大死因。枪械 都与这些形式的死亡有关，而且青少年时期接触枪支的情况强烈 FIV在成年期的预测。FIV对个人、家庭和整个社会有许多后果； 五年的总经济负担超过880亿美元。鉴于FIV无处不在的成本和 所有形式的暴力都是在生命的早期就开始的，因此至关重要的是，必须从发展的角度了解预防工作，并 针对特定于性别、种族/民族、生命阶段和 发展转型和转折点。为了解决这一公共卫生危机，我们在我们的 持续15年的青少年健康纵向研究。这一大样本包括1042个种族和 2010年春季招募和评估了不同社会经济背景的参与者(平均年龄=15岁)，并进行了跟踪- 每年(除两年外)进行UP评估，直至2024年(平均年龄=29岁)。在浪潮中开始 根据第10(2021)号决议，我们现在评估参与者目前的合作伙伴，以便进行二元分析。我们将利用这一点 正在进行的研究：1)对以下地区的已知枪支持有者进行深入访谈(n=60) 样本(n=206，占所有第11波受访者的27%)；2)加强我们的FIV措施；3) 将纵向调查延长至2025年(平均年龄=30岁)；4)提取所有参与者的逮捕记录； 以及5)收集每个参与者及其伴侣的学校、社区和社区级别的数据。 具体目标是：目标1：对已知的枪支进行一系列深入的半结构化采访- 从正在进行的研究的第11波中招募的携带者(平均年龄=27岁)，以更好地理解他们的想法， 获取、携带、使用、共享和储存枪支的做法、背景和经验；目标2： 利用16年来对最初招募的不同种族参与者的大样本的纵向数据 作为青少年，并在青年时期进行跟踪，以确定关键的个人、行为和情景， FIV的创伤相关和邻里/社区危险因素；目标2A：检查早期 个人风险和保护因素，以及学校、邻里和社区风险因素(在 FIV的目标2)；目标2B：检查与以下疾病相关的早期风险和保护因素的亚组差异 随后的枪支携带、获取和使用；目标2C：检查个人-、关系-和 社区层面的因素缓和了关键创伤相关因素与邻里/社区之间的联系 风险因素和FIV；目标3：将结果转化为无术语的语言并传播循证证据 向政策制定者和从业者提供产品(即政策简报、摘要报告)，为预防FIV提供信息 立法。这项混合方法的研究与疾控中心减少枪支暴力的目标一致 青少年和青壮年属于本组织的供资备选方案B。

ABSTRACT Firearm injury and violence (FIV) is a public health epidemic. For the last two decades, unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide were the top 3 leading causes of death for adolescents and emerging adults. Firearms are implicated in each of these forms of mortality, and involvement with firearms in adolescence is strongly predictive of FIV in adulthood. FIV has numerous consequences to individuals, families and society at large; with a 5-year total economic burden of more than $88 billion. Given the pervasive costs of FIV and that risk for all forms of violence begin early in life, it is crucial that prevention efforts be developmentally informed and target an array of modifiable risk and protective factors specific to gender, race/ethnicity, life stage, and developmental transitions and turning points. To address this public health crisis, we added questions to our ongoing 15-year longitudinal study of adolescent health. This large sample of 1,042 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse participants were recruited and assessed in spring 2010 (mean age=15) with follow- up assessments conducted annually (except for two years) through 2024 (mean age=29). Beginning in Wave 10 (2021), we now assess current partners of participants to allow for dyadic analyses. We will leverage this ongoing study by 1) conducting in-depth interviews with a subsample (n=60) of known gun carriers in the sample (n=206, representing 27% of all Wave 11 respondents); 2) strengthening our FIV measures; 3) extending the longitudinal survey through 2025 (mean age=30); 4) extracting arrest records for all participants; and 5) collecting school-, neighborhood-, and community-level data for each participant and their partner. Specific aims are to: Aim 1: Conduct a series of 60 in-depth semi-structured interviews with known gun- carriers (Mean age = 27) recruited from Wave 11 of the ongoing study to better understand their ideas, practices, contexts, and experiences of acquiring, carrying, using, sharing, and storing firearms; Aim 2: Leverage 16 years of longitudinal data on a large sample of ethnically diverse participants originally recruited as adolescents and followed through young adulthood to identify key individual, behavioral and situational, trauma-related, and neighborhood/community risk factors for FIV; Aim 2A: Examine the relative impact of early individual risk and protective factors, as well as school, neighborhood, and community risk factors (identified in Aim 2) of FIV; Aim 2B: Examine subgroup differences in the early risk and protective factors associated with subsequent gun carriage, access, and use; Aim 2C: Examine whether individual-, relationship-, and community-level factors moderate the association between key trauma-related and neighborhood/community risk factors and FIV; Aim 3: Translate results into jargon-free language and disseminate evidence-based products (i.e., policy briefs, summary reports) to policymakers and practitioners to inform FIV prevention legislation. This mixed-methods study, consistent with CDC’s goal of reducing firearm violence among adolescents and young adults, falls within Funding Option B of this NOFO.