RFA-CE-23-005, Longitudinal mixed-methods study of Firearms among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults

摘要 火器伤害和暴力（FIV）是一种公共卫生流行病。在过去的二十年里，意外伤害， 自杀和他杀是青少年和新生儿的三大死因。枪支 与这些死亡形式中的每一种都有牵连，在青少年时期与枪支的参与强烈 预测成年后的FIV。FIV对个人、家庭和整个社会造成许多后果; 五年的经济负担超过八百八十亿美元。考虑到FIV的普遍成本以及 所有形式的暴力开始于生命的早期，至关重要的是，预防工作要从发展的角度出发， 针对一系列特定于性别、种族/民族、生命阶段和 发展转型和转折点。为了解决这一公共卫生危机，我们在我们的 正在进行的15年青少年健康纵向研究。这个大样本的1,042个种族和 2010年春季招募并评估了社会经济多样化的参与者（平均年龄=15岁）， 每年进行一次评估（两年除外），直到2024年（平均年龄=29岁）。在Wave中开始 10（2021），我们现在评估参与者的当前合作伙伴，以进行二元分析。我们会利用这个 正在进行的研究，1）进行深入采访的子样本（n=60）已知的枪支载体在 样本（n=206，占所有Wave 11受访者的27%）; 2）加强我们的FIV措施; 3） 将纵向调查延长至2025年（平均年龄=30岁）; 4）提取所有参与者的逮捕记录; 以及5）收集每个参与者及其合作伙伴的学校、社区和社区水平的数据。 具体目标是：目标1：对已知的枪支持有者进行一系列60次深入的半结构化访谈， 携带者（平均年龄= 27岁）从正在进行的研究的第11波招募，以更好地了解他们的想法， 获取、携带、使用、分享和储存枪支的做法、背景和经验;目标2： 利用最初招募的不同种族参与者的大样本的16年纵向数据 作为青少年，并随后通过青年成年，以确定关键的个人，行为和情境， FIV的创伤相关和邻里/社区风险因素;目标2A：检查早期FIV的相对影响。 个人风险和保护因素，以及学校，邻里和社区风险因素（确定在 目的2）;目的2B：检查与FIV相关的早期风险和保护因素的亚组差异。 目标2C：检查个人、关系和 社区层面的因素缓和了关键创伤相关和邻里/社区之间的关联 风险因素和FIV;目标3：将结果翻译成无专业术语的语言并传播基于证据的信息 产品（即，政策简报、摘要报告），为预防FIV提供信息 立法这项混合方法的研究，符合疾病预防控制中心的目标，减少枪支暴力之间 青少年和年轻人，福尔斯属于本NOFO的供资方案B。

ABSTRACT Firearm injury and violence (FIV) is a public health epidemic. For the last two decades, unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide were the top 3 leading causes of death for adolescents and emerging adults. Firearms are implicated in each of these forms of mortality, and involvement with firearms in adolescence is strongly predictive of FIV in adulthood. FIV has numerous consequences to individuals, families and society at large; with a 5-year total economic burden of more than $88 billion. Given the pervasive costs of FIV and that risk for all forms of violence begin early in life, it is crucial that prevention efforts be developmentally informed and target an array of modifiable risk and protective factors specific to gender, race/ethnicity, life stage, and developmental transitions and turning points. To address this public health crisis, we added questions to our ongoing 15-year longitudinal study of adolescent health. This large sample of 1,042 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse participants were recruited and assessed in spring 2010 (mean age=15) with follow- up assessments conducted annually (except for two years) through 2024 (mean age=29). Beginning in Wave 10 (2021), we now assess current partners of participants to allow for dyadic analyses. We will leverage this ongoing study by 1) conducting in-depth interviews with a subsample (n=60) of known gun carriers in the sample (n=206, representing 27% of all Wave 11 respondents); 2) strengthening our FIV measures; 3) extending the longitudinal survey through 2025 (mean age=30); 4) extracting arrest records for all participants; and 5) collecting school-, neighborhood-, and community-level data for each participant and their partner. Specific aims are to: Aim 1: Conduct a series of 60 in-depth semi-structured interviews with known gun- carriers (Mean age = 27) recruited from Wave 11 of the ongoing study to better understand their ideas, practices, contexts, and experiences of acquiring, carrying, using, sharing, and storing firearms; Aim 2: Leverage 16 years of longitudinal data on a large sample of ethnically diverse participants originally recruited as adolescents and followed through young adulthood to identify key individual, behavioral and situational, trauma-related, and neighborhood/community risk factors for FIV; Aim 2A: Examine the relative impact of early individual risk and protective factors, as well as school, neighborhood, and community risk factors (identified in Aim 2) of FIV; Aim 2B: Examine subgroup differences in the early risk and protective factors associated with subsequent gun carriage, access, and use; Aim 2C: Examine whether individual-, relationship-, and community-level factors moderate the association between key trauma-related and neighborhood/community risk factors and FIV; Aim 3: Translate results into jargon-free language and disseminate evidence-based products (i.e., policy briefs, summary reports) to policymakers and practitioners to inform FIV prevention legislation. This mixed-methods study, consistent with CDC’s goal of reducing firearm violence among adolescents and young adults, falls within Funding Option B of this NOFO.