Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery (C-STAR)

摘要：总体部分 中风是美国成年人残疾的主要原因，使其成为主要的公共卫生问题(1)。 在所有慢性中风幸存者中，约有四分之一患有失语症，这是一种由 大脑的语言和语言区域受损(3，4)。在最近发表的一份报告中，西蒙斯-麦基 (1)估计北美目前有200多万人患有失语症。中风通常是 被认为影响老年人；然而，年轻人中风的发生率一直保持稳定 增加(2)。事实上，南卡罗来纳州至少有一半的中风患者年龄在60岁以下 (2)。失语症的严重程度从非常严重的损害到使患者失声的严重程度不等 理解他人语言的能力，对于患者在提取特定语言方面有很大困难的较温和的形式 字里行间。在中风的慢性期，失语症被认为是质量差的最强预测因子 生活。失语症不仅影响与家人和朋友交流的能力，而且还会严重影响 减少了教育和就业机会。尽管从某种程度上说，从 失语症在中风后的头几周和几个月内是典型的，许多患者会留下毁灭性的后果 沟通出现问题，再也不能完全康复。 为了满足研究改善失语症长期结果的需要，失语症研究中心 恢复(C-STAR)，在本申请时资助了不到四年，已经取得了很大的进展 了解促进失语症自发性康复和治疗诱导康复的机制。 在这项更新申请中提出的研究的总体目标是保持我们对失语症的关注 心理治疗。具体地说，在下一个筹资阶段，C-STAR的重点是改善失语症的机会 治疗，加强行为失语症治疗的效果，以促进改善失语症治疗结果， 并全面了解影响失语症康复的健康和神经语言学因素。 为了实现我们的研究目标，这个项目将继续依靠五个主要机构之间的合作 调查人员：Julius Fridriksson博士、Argye Hillis博士、Leonardo Bonilha博士、Chris Rorden博士和Greg Hickok博士。项目 由弗里德里克森(慢性病患者)和希利斯(急性病患者)领导，他们将继续关注可能 促进失语症治疗效果的改善。事实证明，这两个项目都成功地产生了一个巨大的、独特的 数据集包括大脑状态和对失语症治疗反应的测量。依赖于这个数据集，Bonilha 罗登的项目将专注于大脑健康和失语症康复之间的关系，而 希科克将利用同样的数据来更好地了解失语症治疗中的失语症损害 成功以及语音和语言处理的新神经语言学模型。

Summary: Overall section Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the United States, making it a major public health concern (1). Approximately a quarter of all chronic stroke survivors present with aphasia, a language disorder caused by damage to the speech and language areas of the brain (3, 4). In a recently published report, Simmons-Mackie (1) estimates that over two million people in North America are currently living with aphasia. Stroke is typically thought to affect older persons; however, the incidence of stroke in younger individuals has been steadily increasing (2). In fact, at least half of all stroke patients in the state of South Carolina are under the age of 60 (2). Aphasia can vary in severity from very profound impairment that renders patients mute and without the ability to understand others’ speech, to milder forms where patients have great difficulty retrieving specific words. In the chronic stage of stroke, aphasia has been identified as the strongest predictor of poor quality of life. Aphasia not only influences the ability to communicate with family and friends, but also drastically decreases education and employment opportunities. Although some degree of spontaneous recovery from aphasia is typical in the first weeks and months following stroke, many patients are left with devastating communication problems and never fully recover. To address the need for studies improving long-term outcomes in aphasia, the Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery (C-STAR), funded for just under four years at the time of this application, has made great progress towards understanding the mechanisms that promote spontaneous and therapy-induced recovery in aphasia. The overarching goal of the research proposed in this renewal application is to maintain our focus on aphasia therapy. Specifically, during the next funding phase, the focus of C-STAR is to improve access to aphasia therapy, enhance the effect of behavioral aphasia therapy to promote an improved aphasia therapy outcome, and understand overall health and neurolinguistic factors that influence aphasia recovery. To accomplish our research goals, this project will continue to rely on collaboration among five main investigators: Drs. Julius Fridriksson, Argye Hillis, Leonardo Bonilha, Chris Rorden, and Greg Hickok. Projects led by Fridriksson (chronic patients) and Hillis (acute patients) will continue to focus on factors that may promote improved outcome of aphasia therapy. Both projects have proven successful in yielding a vast, unique dataset including measures of brain status and response to aphasia therapy. Relying on this dataset, Bonilha and Rorden’s project will focus on the relationship between brain health and recovery from aphasia, whereas Hickok will utilize the same data to better understand aphasic impairment in relation to aphasia therapy success as well as new neurolinguistic models of speech and language processing.