Social Reward Processing Across the Lifespan: Identifying Risk Factors for Financial Exploitation

项目摘要 老年人往往是金融剥削的受害者，这导致每年至少30亿美元的损失。 在那些有阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆(ADRD)风险的人中，剥削的威胁可能更大。 虽然大多数金融剥削案件都是由陌生人实施的，但个人在 受害者的社交网络(例如，朋友和家人)很常见。尽管这些观察突显了社会 金融剥削的本质，我们对老年人和有风险的人的神经系统了解很少 对于ADRD，整合来自社会领域的信息，为财务决策提供信息。涉及的任务 社会信息处理引起了颞顶交界区和背内侧的激活 前额叶皮质；而涉及财务决策和奖励处理的任务在 纹状体和前额叶腹内侧皮质。目前尚不清楚这些神经内的反应是否 系统以及它们与其他地区之间的连接因年龄和金融风险的不同而有所不同 剥削。我们最近展示了在社会决策过程中TPJ反应的年龄差异 金融交换的背景(例如，信任和公平)。我们还表明，社会背景的影响 与年轻人相比，老年人对奖赏的纹状体反应减弱(例如，同龄人在场) 成年人。在这些令人兴奋的初步数据的基础上，当前提案的目标是表征神经 在社会决策和成年期的奖励处理过程中的反应，并量化这些 应对措施涉及金融剥削的风险。我们将招募一大批成年人(21岁至80岁以上)。 参加一项神经成像实验，研究社会奖赏加工及其相互作用 社会背景和财务决策。我们还将管理神经心理和健康 评估，以及评估社会情绪功能和金融风险的问卷 剥削。我们的项目将实现四个目标。我们将研究神经对社会性和非社会性的反应 在一生中，基于信任和公平的奖励和决定是不同的(目标1)。尽管神经反应 由我们的任务引起的可能与金融剥削的风险相关的问题，必须确定如何 这种反应与社会人口统计因素、认知衰退、社会情绪功能和 健康(目标2)。值得注意的是，我们对健康状况的量化将利用两个未被研究的风险因素 ADRD-血管健康和白质高信号-并将这些因素与金融开发联系起来。 最后，我们将在两年后重新测试患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的参与者的子集 基线访问和评估社会奖励处理和金融剥削风险的变化(目标3)。 总体而言，我们的项目将对社会和金融决策之间的相互作用产生新的见解 跨越生命周期和有ADRD风险的个人，并通过表征风险开始转换之路 对弱势群体进行金融剥削的因素。

Project Summary Older adults are often victims of financial exploitation, which results in annual losses of at least $3 billion. Threat of exploitation may be greater in those at risk for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). While most cases of financial exploitation are perpetrated by strangers, perpetration by individuals within the victim's social network (e.g., friends and family) is common. Although these observations highlight the social nature of financial exploitation, we know very little about how neural systems in older adults and those at risk for ADRD integrate information from the social domain to inform financial decision making. Tasks involving social information processing evoke activation in the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; whereas tasks involving financial decision making and reward processing evoke activation in the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. It remains unclear whether responses within these neural systems—and connectivity between them and other regions—differ as a function of age and risk for financial exploitation. We recently demonstrated age differences in TPJ response during social decision-making in the context of financial exchange (e.g., trust and fairness). We have also shown that the influence of social context (e.g., presence of a peer) on striatal responses to reward is attenuated in older adults relative to younger adults. Building on these exciting preliminary data, the goal of the current proposal is to characterize neural responses during social decision making and reward processing across adulthood and quantify how these responses relate to risk for financial exploitation. We will recruit a large sample of adults (ages 21 to 80+ years) to participate in a neuroimaging experiment investigating social reward processing and the interplay between social context and financial decision making. We will also administer neuropsychological and health assessments, as well as questionnaires assessing socioemotional functioning and risk for financial exploitation. Our project will address four aims. We will examine how neural responses to social and nonsocial reward and decisions based on trust and fairness differ across the lifespan (Aim 1). Although neural responses evoked by our tasks may be associated with risk for financial exploitation, it is imperative to determine how such responses interact with sociodemographic factors, cognitive decline, socioemotional functioning, and health (Aim 2). Notably, our quantification of health status will leverage two understudied risk factors for ADRD—vascular health and white matter hyperintensities—and relate these factors to financial exploitation. Finally, we will re-test a subset of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) two years after their baseline visit and assess changes in social reward processing and risk for financial exploitation (Aim 3). Overall, our project will generate new insights into the interplay between social and financial decision making across the lifespan and individuals at risk for ADRD and start the road to translation by characterizing risk factors for financial exploitation among vulnerable groups.