Parsing Reward: Identifying Distinct Neural Pathways for Specific Reward Properties

解析奖励：识别特定奖励属性的不同神经通路

• 批准号: 8909497
• 负责人: David Victor Smith
• 金额: $ 5.42万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS THE STATE UNIV OF NJ NEWARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8909497
• 关键词: Affective; Anhedonia; Anorexia Nervosa; Arousal; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Brain; Brain region; Complement; Complex; Corpus striatum structure; Coupled; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Individual; Individual Differences; Link; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Nature; Neural Pathways; Neurosciences Research; Obesity; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personality Traits; Phenotype; Physiological; Prefrontal Cortex; Property; Psychopathology; Public Health; Reading; Recovery; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Behavior; Social Environment; Social Network; Social Welfare; Testing; Training; Ventral Striatum; addiction; base; career; depressive symptoms; hemodynamics; insight; instructor; knowledge base; neuromechanism; novel; peer; physical conditioning; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; reward circuitry; reward processing; skills; social; social group; success

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Navigating our complex social world depends critically on our ability to compare various opportunities and adapt our behavior based on the rewards received from the outcomes of our decisions, other individuals, and larger social groups. Although rewards can promote adaptive decisions-and enhance individual and societal welfare-deficits in the ability to process rewards can impact our physical and mental health, increasing vulnerability to a number of significant public health issues such as addiction, obesity, and psychopathology. Yet, understanding the mechanistic link between reward and different public health issues presents a significant conceptual challenge, as rewards arise in social and nonsocial contexts and are composed of multiple properties that may have different influences on behavior. In particular, affective reward properties signal whether an outcome was positive or negative while informative reward properties signal how to adapt behavior to maximize future rewards. The principal research goal of this project is to study how interactions between multiple brain regions-particularly the striatum and prefrontal cortex-support affective and informative reward properties in social and nonsocial contexts. This research goal complements several training goals that help the applicant acquire new skills (e.g., physiological recordings of arousal and multivariate pattern analysis, MVPA), broaden knowledge base through directed readings and coursework, and prepare for a future career as an independent investigator and instructor. These training goals will contribute to the applicant's long-term success while providing essential new skills needed for the proposed research. The proposed studies utilize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with physiological measures of arousal and MVPA to investigate two specific aims. Our first aim investigates the neuroanatomical pathways for reward to test the hypotheses that a) affective and informative reward properties are decoded by distinct subregions of the striatum; and b) these subregions show distinct functional connectivity profiles with prefrontal cortex. This demonstration would have translational potential, elucidating a mechanism for developing treatments that target deficits in distinct reward properties. Our second aim investigates how social context modulates reward properties, specifically testing the hypothesis that autonomic and neural responses to affective (but not informative) reward properties can be manipulated by social context. Collectively, these findings would further our understanding of the neural and behavioral mechanisms that shape complex social behavior, potentially providing clinicians with new insight into disorders marked by deficits in social reward processing, particularly autism, anorexia nervosa, and schizophrenia.

 描述（由申请人提供）：在我们复杂的社会世界中导航，关键取决于我们比较各种机会的能力，并根据我们的决策、其他个人和更大的社会群体的结果所获得的回报来调整我们的行为。虽然奖励可以促进适应性决策，并提高个人和社会福利，但处理奖励的能力不足会影响我们的身心健康，增加对一些重大公共卫生问题的脆弱性，如成瘾， 肥胖和精神病理学。然而，理解奖励和不同的公共卫生问题之间的机械联系提出了一个重大的概念挑战，因为奖励出现在社会和非社会背景下，由多种属性组成，可能对行为产生不同的影响。特别是，情感奖励属性信号的结果是积极的还是消极的，而信息奖励属性信号如何适应行为，以最大限度地提高未来的奖励。这个项目的主要研究目标是研究多个大脑区域之间的相互作用，特别是纹状体和前额叶皮质，在社会和非社会背景下支持情感和信息奖励属性。这个研究目标补充了几个培训目标，帮助申请人获得新的技能（例如，生理记录唤醒和多元模式分析，MVPA），通过指导性阅读和课程作业拓宽知识基础，并为未来的职业生涯作为一个独立的调查员和讲师做准备。这些培训目标将有助于申请人的长期成功，同时提供拟议研究所需的基本新技能。拟议的研究利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）结合唤醒和MVPA的生理措施，调查两个特定的目标。我们的第一个目标是研究奖励的神经解剖学通路，以检验以下假设：a）情感和信息奖励属性由纹状体的不同子区域解码;和B）这些子区域显示出与前额叶皮层不同的功能连接概况。这一证明将具有转化潜力，阐明了开发针对不同奖励特性缺陷的治疗方法的机制。我们的第二个目标是研究社会背景如何调节奖励属性，特别是测试的假设，自主神经和神经反应的情感（但不是信息）奖励属性可以被操纵的社会背景。总的来说，这些发现将进一步加深我们对塑造复杂社会行为的神经和行为机制的理解，可能为临床医生提供新的见解，以社会奖励处理缺陷为标志的疾病，特别是自闭症，神经性厌食症和精神分裂症。