Role of open dumping and open burning of solid waste in the generation of microplastics and products of incomplete combustion on tribal lands

项目摘要“露天倾倒和露天焚烧固体废物在产生 部落土地上的微型塑料和不完全燃烧产物“ 本研究项目解决了露天倾倒和焚烧在部落土地上造成的两个关键问题：1) 二次微塑料的潜在产生，目前正在世界范围内进行密集的调查， 其未知的健康和环境影响以及2)挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的产生 其中包括一系列潜在的有毒物质。露天倾倒和焚烧做法在 部落土地对附近的社区构成了潜在的健康。公开倾倒使鼠疫传播成为可能， 感染传播、野火产生、温室气体排放、水和固体生态系统污染、 以及难闻的气味排放和其他不良影响。露天焚烧除了生产典型的 燃烧产物(如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、水蒸气、硫化氢)产生 燃烧不完全的产物。不完全燃烧的产物包括温室气体、反应性气体 痕量气体、VOCs、半VOCs、二恶英和其他有毒化合物、灰烬和颗粒物。次要的 微塑料是不完全燃烧的潜在产物。二次微塑料是塑料材料 由较大的塑料片碎裂而产生。尽管基础设施方面的差距日益扩大 在部落土地上产生微塑料的可能性、由于露天焚烧做法而产生的微塑料以及 它们对部落土地上的环境和健康的影响在很大程度上是未知的。我们假设公开倾销 燃烧做法在空气、水和土壤中产生并传播微塑料和有毒VOCs，从而使 暴露位于垃圾处理场附近的社区。拟议项目的目标是 更好地了解部落垃圾倾倒和焚烧对环境和健康的不同影响 社区。为此，我们将与克罗、纳瓦霍和夏延河苏族部落的社区合作 调查。我们提出了以下具体目标：具体目标1：确定物质和环境方面的变化 来自露天燃烧活动的塑料的化学性质和在环境中的传播路径 在实验室规模的实验和现场特定目标2：确定潜在的接触途径和 土壤-植物-空气系统中露天燃烧活动对塑料的环境生物物理影响。特定的 目的3：确定露天燃烧活动中VOC、PAH和二恶英的释放模式。每个部落 社区可能有独特的焚烧做法，因此识别共同和独特的模式将 帮助为可广泛应用或可由社区具体定制的缓解战略提供信息。

Project Summary “Role of Open Dumping And Open Burning Of Solid Waste In The Generation Of Microplastics And Products Of Incomplete Combustion On Tribal Lands” This research project addresses two critical issues in tribal lands caused by open dumping and burning: 1) potential generation of secondary microplastics which are currently under intense investigation worldwide due to their unknown health and environmental effects and 2) generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which include a wide array of potential toxic substances. Open dumping and burning practices are common in tribal lands posing potential health to communities located nearby. Open dumping enables plague propagation, infection transmission, wildfire fire generation, greenhouse gas emission, water and solid ecosystems pollution, and bad odor emissions among other undesired effects. Open burning in addition to producing typical combustion products (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrogen sulfide) generates products of incomplete combustion. Products of incomplete combustion include greenhouse gases, reactive trace gases, VOCs, semi-VOCs, dioxins, and other toxic compounds, ashes, and particulate matter. Secondary microplastics are a potential product of incomplete combustion. Secondary microplastics are plastic materials generated by the fragmentation of larger plastic pieces. Despite the disparities in infrastructure that increase the likelihood of microplastics generation on tribal lands, their occurrence due to open burning practices and their effect on environment and health in tribal lands is largely unknown. We hypothesize that open dumping and burning practices generate and propagate microplastics and toxic VOCs in air, water, and soil enabling the exposure of communities located in proximity to waste disposal sites. The goal of the proposed project is to better understand the disparate environmental and health impacts of dumping and burning in tribal communities. We will partner with communities in Crow, Navajo, and Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe for this investigation. We propose the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Identify changes in physical and chemical properties of plastics from open burning activities and propagation pathways through the environment in lab scale experiments and field Specific Aim 2: Identify the potential exposure pathways and the environmental biophysical impacts of plastics from open burning activities in soil-plant-air systems. Specific Aim 3: Identify patterns in release of VOC, PAH, and dioxins released from open burning activities. Each tribal community likely has unique burning practices, thus the identification of both common and distinct patterns will help inform mitigation strategies that can be applied broadly or can be specifically tailored by community.