The Tongue Base in Respiration and Swallowing

项目描述 舌根（位于舌根末端沟的后面）在解剖学上、生理学上和功能上 与其身体不同（从沟到尖端）。而舌体则有助于饮水、进食， 咀嚼和发音，舌根是咽的一部分，控制着喉的入口， 在呼吸、吞咽和发声过程中的食管。舌根是脂肪的主要部位 口咽部区域的组织积聚及其导致的体积增加可能是 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种严重的呼吸障碍，影响20%的人口， 发病率和死亡率。舌根也会受到减少其体积的条件的影响，例如 手术减容（部分舌切除术），以改善OSA，更常见的是治疗口腔癌 患者由于舌根是所有外在舌肌插入的地方，脂肪组织的积累可能会导致 不仅增加其体积，而且干扰肌肉收缩，影响其稳定肌肉的能力。 口咽气道和改变其在呼吸和吞咽中的运动学。不知道舌头是怎么 基底和其他口咽结构对这些体积变化作出反应， 组织在手术损伤或脂肪组织浸润后能够再生。的确，我们的 对舌根的了解与对舌体和其他组织的了解相比是非常初级的。 骨骼肌本申请建立在我们以前研究大型动物舌体的工作基础上 模型，迷你猪。在此，我们建议研究功能（呼吸和吞咽）和 舌根体积变化的形态学（口咽的空间结构）后果 并通过研究其干细胞群-卫星细胞来阐明其修复能力。整体 假设舌根体积增加以口咽气道为代价来帮助吞咽 开放性，而体积减小具有相反的效果。此外，我们将建立肌源性的潜力， 通过评估其卫星细胞与其他骨骼肌的比较来修复舌根，并将这些 再生潜力到功能结果。第一个目标是确定舌根行为如何 呼吸和吞咽;第二个目的是评估舌根体积变化如何影响呼吸， 吞咽和口咽空间;第三个目的是评估在吞咽和口咽空间体积变化后的愈合情况。 舌根，并确定舌根中的卫星细胞是否能够使肌生成修复肌肉 功能总的假设是，舌根的体积增加以牺牲 口咽气道通畅，而体积减小具有相反的效果。结果将导致 舌根如何参与口咽功能和功能障碍的新认识，并提供 关于其肌肉生物学，伤口愈合和功能恢复的新知识，这将有助于临床医生 为口腔癌、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和其他口咽疾病制定更好的治疗策略。

Project Description The base of the tongue (posterior to the terminal sulcus) is anatomically, physiologically, and functionally distinct from its body (from the sulcus to the tip). Whereas the tongue body subserves drinking, ingestion, mastication, and articulation, the tongue base is part of the pharynx and controls the entrances of the larynx and esophagus during respiration, swallowing, and vocalization. The tongue base is the primary locus for adipose tissue accumulation in the oropharyngeal region, and its resultant volumetric increase is likely a major player in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a serious breathing disorder affecting 20% of the population with significant morbidity and mortality. The tongue base is also subject to conditions that decrease its volume, such as surgical volumetric reduction (partial glossectomy) to ameliorate OSA, and more commonly to treat oral cancer patients. Since the tongue base is where all extrinsic tongue muscles insert, adipose tissue accumulation may not only increase its volume, but interfere with muscle contraction, affecting its ability to stabilize the oropharyngeal airway and changing its kinematics in respiration and swallowing. It is unknown how the tongue base and other oropharyngeal structures respond to these volumetric changes and to what extent the tongue tissues are capable of regeneration after surgical injury or infiltration of adipose tissue. Indeed, our understanding of the tongue base is very rudimentary compared to knowledge of the tongue body and other skeletal muscles. The present application builds on our previous work in studying the tongue body in a large-animal model, the miniature pig. Herein we propose to investigate the functional (respiration and swallowing) and morphological (spatial configuration of oropharynx) consequences of the volumetric alteration of the tongue base and to elucidate its reparative capacity through a study of its stem cell population - satellite cells. The overall hypothesis is that volumetric increase of the tongue base aids swallowing at the expense of oropharyngeal airway patency whereas volumetric decrease has the opposite effects. Further, we will establish the potential for myogenic repair of the tongue base by assessing its satellite cells in comparison to other skeletal muscles, and link these regenerative potentials to functional outcomes. The 1st Aim is to ascertain how tongue base behavior subserves respiration and swallowing; the 2nd Aim is to evaluate how tongue base volumetric changes affect respiration, swallowing, and the oropharyngeal space; and the 3rd Aim is to assess healing after volumetric changes of the tongue base and to establish whether satellite cells in the tongue base enable myogenesis to repair muscle function. The overall hypothesis is that volumetric increase of the tongue base aids swallowing at the expense of oropharyngeal airway patency whereas volumetric decrease has the opposite effects. The outcomes will lead to new understanding of how the tongue base participates in oropharyngeal function and dysfunction, and provide new knowledge about its muscle biology, wound healing, and functional recovery, which will help clinicians to develop better treatment strategies for oral cancers, OSA, and other oropharyngeal disorders.