Prenatal and Early Life Predictors of Child Psychopathology

项目摘要 大量的理论研究表明，心理健康障碍的根源在于儿童早期 发展，精神病理学的症状部分是自我调节技能崩溃的结果， 在生命的早期出现。然而，早期预测的紧急精神病理学，和/或跨诊断表型，如自我， 规则，理解得很少。利用来自大样本（N=270）母亲及其子女的前瞻性数据， 目前的研究旨在解决这一差距：a）测试假设，婴儿的负面影响（NA）破坏 儿童的新兴执行功能（EF），以及NA相关的EF赤字是一种机制，通过它， 早期情绪调节困难传达了3岁时精神病理学的风险（目标1）; B）检查是否 产前压力调节NA、EF和3岁时精神病理学之间的关联（目的2）; c）测试母亲是否 妊娠期间的免疫激活和/或婴儿期的儿童免疫激活介导了母体免疫应答与免疫应答之间的关联。 产前压力和儿童生殖学（目标3）。这项研究的结果将有助于早期识别， 干预 本研究计划的执行，连同所述的培训活动，将提供 申请人具有独立，创新的研究计划的技能，旨在了解最早的起源， 精神病理学培训计划有助于丰富她强大的发展背景，使其更加独立 以及更多的儿童期精神病理学评估和观察方面的培训。此外，它还包括强大的 心理神经免疫学培训，包括免疫系统在精神病理学中的作用（在母亲和母亲中） 以及怀孕期间母体免疫激活可能影响儿童风险的机制 精神病理学培训目标包括：a）学习病原学、疾病分类学相关理论和方法， B）熟悉临床评估问题和诊断 任务，因为它涉及整个童年的研究应用，c）将她的发展专业知识转化为 临床人群，包括与精神病理学理论和实践相关的发展发现的概念化， d）获得实践经验，通过临床措施和临床风险人群进行研究，e）学习 与研究免疫系统和炎症-精神病理学相关的理论和方法，f）更好地 了解怀孕期间母体免疫激活可能影响 发展大脑，并通过扩展，儿童精神病理学的风险，g）获得实践经验收集和 分析相关的生物样品，了解当代的分子和免疫学方法， 分析炎症信号网络，以及h）进一步培训负责任的研究行为，包括 特定于临床人群的伦理考虑，以及i）研究写作和传播，因为它涉及 精神病理学、精神健康和精神神经免疫学领域。

PROJECT SUMMARY Substantial theoretical work suggests that mental health disorders have their roots in early childhood development, and that symptoms of psychopathology are in part the result of breakdowns in self-regulatory skills that emerge early in life. Yet early predictors of emergent psychopathology, and/or trans-diagnostic phenotypes such as self- regulation, are poorly understood. Utilizing prospective data from a large sample (N=270) of mothers and their children, the current study aims to address this gap by: a) testing the hypothesis that infant negative affect (NA) undermines children's emerging executive functioning (EF), and that NA-associated deficits in EF are one mechanism through which early emotion-regulatory difficulties convey risk for psychopathology at 3 years of age (Aim 1); b) examining whether prenatal stress moderates associations among NA, EF, and psychopathology at age 3 (Aim 2); c) testing whether maternal immune activation during pregnancy and/or child immune activation in infancy mediate the association between maternal prenatal stress and child symptomatology (Aim 3). The results of this research will inform early identification and intervention. The execution of this research plan, in conjunction with the training activities described, will provide the applicant with the skills for an independent, innovative research program aimed at understanding the earliest origins of psychopathology. The training plan assists in enriching her strong background in development with more independence and more training in assessment and observation of psychopathology in childhood. Additionally, it includes strong training in psychoneuroimmunology, including the role of the immune system in psychopathology (in both the mother and child) as well as the mechanisms through which maternal immune activation during pregnancy may influence child risk for psychopathology. Thetraining objectives include:a) learning theory and methods related to the etiology, nosology, and pathogenesis of childhood psychopathology, b) becoming acquainted with clinical assessment issues and diagnostic assignment as it pertains to research application throughout childhood, c) translating her developmental expertise to clinical populations including conceptualizing developmental findings in relation to psychopathology theory and practice, d) gaining hands-on experience conducting research with clinical measures and clinically at risk populations, e) learning theory and methods related to studying the immune system and inflammation-psychopathology associations, f) better understanding the mechanisms through which maternal immune activation during pregnancy may influence the developing brain and, by extension, child risk for psychopathology, g) gaining hands-on experience collecting and analyzing relevant biological samples and learning about contemporary molecular and immunological methods for analyzing inflammatory signaling networks, and h) further training in the responsible conduct of research, including ethical considerations specific to clinical populations, and in i) research writing and dissemination as it pertains to the field of psychopathology, mental health, and psychoneuroimmunology.