Discrimination and Adolescent Substance Use: Understanding Moderating Mechanisms of Sleep and Neighborhood Environment in the ABCD Study

项目总结 歧视导致心理和身体健康差距不成比例地使少数群体处于不利地位 人口。然而，歧视对物质使用(SU)等行为健康结果的影响是 不太清楚，特别是在早期生活中(例如，儿童后期和青春期早期)。到了青春期中期，苏 启动是启动的，触发了随后的发育轨迹。调查SU的发病情况， 从儿童后期开始，对于减轻其下游健康后果至关重要。还有更少的 科学专注于缓解歧视和SU之间联系的多层次因素。这个项目 通过对青少年的调查，解决了发展和健康差距科学中的这些差距 经历过多种形式的歧视(基于族裔/种族、原籍国、性取向、 体重)和SU(自我报告和头发样本代谢物)，从儿童后期到青春期中期，并通过 调查睡眠(父母报告和活动持续时间和质量)和邻里环境(剥夺， 犯罪、噪音、来自地理编码的结构性歧视)作为歧视对健康影响的调节因素。 睡眠和邻里环境都可以作为基于证据的规划的目标，作为 改变以减少歧视对苏的影响。该项目借鉴了正在进行的、全国性的、 全国最大规模的青少年脑认知发展纵向研究(ABCD) 跟踪调查了11,875名儿童(9-10岁)整个青春期。该项目考察了三个研究目标。 首先，本研究考察了歧视与SU之间的同步和纵向联系 从童年到青春期早期，弄清歧视是导致还是导致 苏的启蒙与延续。其次，该研究调查了在多大程度上 歧视和SU受到年轻人睡眠的影响。最后，本研究探讨了调节机制 邻里环境在儿童后期至中期的辨别、睡眠和SU中的作用 青春期。对于所有研究目的，拟议的项目还探讨了歧视的联系， SU、睡眠和邻里环境从儿童后期到青春期的变化，通过测试多个 与发展相关的差异(即，按数据收集浪潮、发展阶段、年龄、年级水平)。 研究结果将阐明干预措施在帮助年轻人方面最有效的关键发育阶段 来自边缘人群的人(族裔/种族、移民身份、性取向和身材) 驾驭偏见和排斥带来的负面健康后果。从本质上讲，这个项目将提供 对青少年SU项目的关键见解，包括谁面临的风险最大，目标是什么，以及何时干预。

PROJECT SUMMARY Discrimination contributes to mental and physical health disparities disproportionately disadvantaging minority populations. Yet, the impact of discrimination on behavioral health outcomes such as substance use (SU) is less clear, particularly in early life (e.g. late childhood and early adolescence). By middle adolescence, SU initiation is set in motion triggering subsequent developmental trajectories. Investigating the onset of SU, starting in late childhood, is critical for mitigating its downstream health consequences. There is even less science focused on multilevel factors that alleviate associations between discrimination and SU. This project addresses these gaps in developmental and health disparities science by investigating adolescents' experiences of multiple forms of discrimination (based on ethnicity/race, country of origin, sexual orientation, weight) and SU (self-report & hair sample metabolites) from late childhood to middle adolescence, and by investigating sleep (parent-report & actigraphy duration & quality) and neighborhood environment (deprivation, crime, noise, structural discrimination from geocodes) as moderators of the health impact of discrimination. Both sleep and neighborhood environment can be targeted by evidence-based programming as levers of change to reduce the impact of discrimination on SU. The project draws from the on-going, national, longitudinal study of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD), the largest national study of its kind that follows 11,875 children (9-10 years old) through adolescence. The project examines three research aims. First, the study investigates concurrent and longitudinal linkages between discrimination and SU, from late childhood to early adolescence, disentangling whether discrimination is a contributing or a resulting factor of SU initiation and continuation. Second, the study investigates the extent to which the linkages between discrimination and SU are conditioned by young people's sleep. Finally, the study investigates the moderating role of neighborhood environment in linking discrimination, sleep, and SU, from late childhood to middle adolescence. For all research aims, the proposed project also explores how the associations of discrimination, SU, sleep, and neighborhood environment change from late childhood to adolescence, by testing multiple development-related differences (i.e., by data collection wave, developmental stage, age, grade level). Findings will elucidate critical developmental periods when interventions are most effective in helping young people from marginalized populations (ethnicity/race, immigration status, sexual orientation, and body shape) navigate the negative health consequences of prejudice and exclusion. Essentially, this project will provide critical insights for youth SU programs including who is most at risk, what to target, and when to intervene.