Discrimination and Adolescent Substance Use: Understanding Moderating Mechanisms of Sleep and Neighborhood Environment in the ABCD Study

项目摘要 歧视造成心理和身体健康的不平等，不成比例地使少数群体感到不安。 人口数量。然而，歧视对行为健康结果的影响，如物质使用（SU） 不太清楚，特别是在生命早期（例如儿童晚期和青春期早期）。青春期中期， 启动被设置在运动中，触发随后的发展轨迹。调查SU的发病情况， 从儿童后期开始，对减轻其下游健康后果至关重要。存在甚至更小 科学集中在多层次的因素，减轻歧视和SU之间的关联。这个项目 通过调查青少年的健康状况， 遭受多种形式的歧视（基于族裔/种族、原籍国、性取向， 体重）和SU（自我报告和头发样本代谢物），从儿童晚期到青春期中期， 调查睡眠（父母报告和活动记录持续时间和质量）和邻近环境（剥夺， 犯罪、噪音、来自地理编码的结构性歧视）作为歧视对健康影响的调节因素。 睡眠和邻里环境都可以通过循证规划作为杠杆， 改变以减少歧视对SU的影响。该项目借鉴了正在进行的，国家的， 青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）的纵向研究，这是同类研究中最大的国家研究 它跟踪了11，875名儿童（9-10岁）的青春期。该项目审查了三个研究目标。 首先，研究调查歧视和SU之间的并行和纵向联系，从晚 从童年到青春期早期，弄清歧视是促进还是导致歧视的因素， SU的启动和延续。第二，研究调查在多大程度上， 歧视和SU是由年轻人的睡眠条件。最后，本研究考察了 从儿童晚期到中期，邻里环境在联系歧视、睡眠和SU中的作用 青春期对于所有研究目标，拟议的项目还探讨了歧视， SU，睡眠和邻里环境的变化，从童年后期到青春期，通过测试多个 发展相关的差异（即，通过数据收集波、发育阶段、年龄、年级水平）。 研究结果将阐明干预措施在帮助年轻人方面最有效的关键发育时期 来自边缘化人群的人（民族/种族、移民身份、性取向和体型） 引导偏见和排斥对健康的负面影响。从本质上讲，该项目将提供 青年SU方案的关键见解，包括谁是最危险的，什么目标，以及何时干预。

PROJECT SUMMARY Discrimination contributes to mental and physical health disparities disproportionately disadvantaging minority populations. Yet, the impact of discrimination on behavioral health outcomes such as substance use (SU) is less clear, particularly in early life (e.g. late childhood and early adolescence). By middle adolescence, SU initiation is set in motion triggering subsequent developmental trajectories. Investigating the onset of SU, starting in late childhood, is critical for mitigating its downstream health consequences. There is even less science focused on multilevel factors that alleviate associations between discrimination and SU. This project addresses these gaps in developmental and health disparities science by investigating adolescents' experiences of multiple forms of discrimination (based on ethnicity/race, country of origin, sexual orientation, weight) and SU (self-report & hair sample metabolites) from late childhood to middle adolescence, and by investigating sleep (parent-report & actigraphy duration & quality) and neighborhood environment (deprivation, crime, noise, structural discrimination from geocodes) as moderators of the health impact of discrimination. Both sleep and neighborhood environment can be targeted by evidence-based programming as levers of change to reduce the impact of discrimination on SU. The project draws from the on-going, national, longitudinal study of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD), the largest national study of its kind that follows 11,875 children (9-10 years old) through adolescence. The project examines three research aims. First, the study investigates concurrent and longitudinal linkages between discrimination and SU, from late childhood to early adolescence, disentangling whether discrimination is a contributing or a resulting factor of SU initiation and continuation. Second, the study investigates the extent to which the linkages between discrimination and SU are conditioned by young people's sleep. Finally, the study investigates the moderating role of neighborhood environment in linking discrimination, sleep, and SU, from late childhood to middle adolescence. For all research aims, the proposed project also explores how the associations of discrimination, SU, sleep, and neighborhood environment change from late childhood to adolescence, by testing multiple development-related differences (i.e., by data collection wave, developmental stage, age, grade level). Findings will elucidate critical developmental periods when interventions are most effective in helping young people from marginalized populations (ethnicity/race, immigration status, sexual orientation, and body shape) navigate the negative health consequences of prejudice and exclusion. Essentially, this project will provide critical insights for youth SU programs including who is most at risk, what to target, and when to intervene.