Understanding the Development of Social Disconnection in Youth

了解青少年社会脱节的发展

• 批准号: 10297180
• 负责人: Camelia E Hostinar Caudill
• 金额: $ 32.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10297180
• 关键词: 16 year old; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Behavior; Behavioral; Biologic Characteristic; Biological; Biological Assay; Biology; COVID-19 pandemic; California; Characteristics; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Data Collection; Development; Emotional; Evaluation; Exhibits; Family; Fostering; Freezing; Future; Health Benefit; Hispanics; Inflammatory; Intervention; Introversion; Laboratories; Life; Loneliness; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Mental Health; Mexican; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neurotic Disorders; Oxytocin; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Personality; Personality Character; Physiological; Population; Prevalence; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychosocial Assessment and Care; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Shyness; Social Behavior; Social Development; Social Distance; Social isolation; Social support; Stress; Testing; Time; Withdrawal; Youth; affiliative behavior; base; biobehavior; biological adaptation to stress; experience; fighting; improved; longitudinal dataset; peer; physical conditioning; prospective; protective factors; recruit; response; secondary analysis; social; social exclusion; social factors; social relationships; social stressor; stress reactivity; stressor; theories; twelfth grade

Project Summary Social disconnection and loneliness surge in adolescence and have a negative impact on youth physical and mental health. Furthermore, social disconnection during this life stage predicts difficulties forming and maintaining relationships in adulthood, with similarly negative consequences for adult physical and mental health. A key underlying process for adolescents’ risk of social disconnection may be their heightened biological stress reactivity. A major theory by Taylor postulated that the stress response can activate two primary social- behavioral profiles, “fight-or-flight” (i.e., an increase in conflict or social withdrawal), or “tend-and-befriend” (i.e., an increase in prosocial and affiliative behavior). However, most prior research on Taylor’s model has been with adults, creating a gap in our understanding of when and why these profiles emerge in development, and how biology, personality, and social relationships contribute to youths’ tendencies to respond to social challenges with socially distancing versus socially engaging behaviors. The current project aims to fill these critical gaps by revealing the biological, personality, and relationship characteristics that differentiate these two social-behavioral stress profiles. To meet this objective, the research team will undertake two specific aims. First, the team will recruit a new sample of 280 adolescents ages 11-16 years old to complete a social evaluation stressor and biobehavioral assessments in the laboratory, followed by psychosocial assessments one year later. The team will test the role of social relationships, personality, and biological characteristics (oxytocin, adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory activity) in differentiating “fight-or-flight” versus “tend-and-befriend” profiles in response to the social evaluation stressor, and predict longitudinal change in loneliness using these profiles. For the second aim, the team will conduct new analyses of existing data from a longitudinal study of 674 predominantly low-income Mexican-origin Hispanic youth in California, who have been followed from age 10 to age 24. New assays of stored, frozen samples for oxytocin will also be conducted in a subsample of 229 youth from this study who at age 17 completed a social exclusion protocol with biological assessments (adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory activity). The second aim is to identify the prospective contributions of social relationships and personality to adolescents’ “fight-or-flight” versus “tend-and-befriend” profiles in response to a social exclusion stressor, and use these two profiles to predict change in time spent alone longitudinally. With the full sample of 674 Mexican-origin youth, we will test that relationship quality and youth personality will predict increased versus decreased time spent alone during waves when school transitions occur. By accomplishing these aims, this project will deliver a multi-faceted understanding of how social disconnection develops and identify key biobehavioral targets that can be modified to improve social connectedness in adolescence and beyond.

项目摘要 社会脱节和孤独感在青少年时期激增，对青少年的身体和心理产生负面影响。 心理健康此外，在这个生命阶段，社会脱节预示着困难的形成， 在成年后维持关系，对成年人的身心健康产生类似的负面影响。 健康青少年社会脱节风险的一个关键潜在过程可能是他们的生物学特征增强， 应激反应性。泰勒的一个主要理论假设，压力反应可以激活两个主要的社会- 行为概况，“战或逃”（即，冲突或社交退缩的增加），或“照顾和交朋友”（即， 亲社会和亲和行为的增加）。然而，大多数关于泰勒模型的先前研究都是 成年人，在我们理解这些特征何时以及为何出现在发展过程中，以及如何出现在发展过程中， 生物学、性格和社会关系有助于青少年对社会挑战做出反应的倾向 与社交疏远和社交参与行为之间的关系。目前的项目旨在填补这些关键空白， 揭示了区分这两种社会行为的生物，个性和关系特征 应力分布为了实现这一目标，研究小组将实现两个具体目标。首先，团队将 招募280名11-16岁青少年的新样本，完成社会评价压力源， 在实验室进行生物行为评估，一年后进行心理社会评估。球队 将测试社会关系，个性和生物特征（催产素，肾上腺皮质， 自主神经和炎症活动）在区分“战斗或逃跑”与“照顾和友好”的配置文件， 对社会评价压力源的反应，并使用这些配置文件预测孤独感的纵向变化。为 第二个目标是，该小组将对674名纵向研究的现有数据进行新的分析。 在加州，主要是低收入的墨西哥裔西班牙裔青年，他们从10岁到19岁一直被跟踪。 24岁。还将在229名青年的子样本中对储存的冷冻样本进行催产素的新测定 从这项研究中，17岁的人完成了具有生物学评估的社会排斥协议（肾上腺皮质， 自主神经和炎症活动）。第二个目标是确定社会的潜在贡献， 青少年的“战斗或逃跑”与“照顾和交友”的个人资料，以回应一个 社会排斥压力源，并使用这两个配置文件，以预测变化的时间单独纵向。与 以674名墨西哥裔青少年为样本，对关系质量和青少年个性进行预测 在学校过渡期间，单独度过的时间增加而减少。通过完成 这些目标，这个项目将提供一个多方面的了解如何社会脱节的发展， 确定可以修改的关键生物行为目标，以改善青少年的社会联系， 超越。