Control of Facial Amphiphilicity to Tune Macromolecular Interactions with Bacteria

摘要 多重耐药细菌已经演变成一个全球性的危机， 抗生素面对越来越大的压力，开发和设计下一代的 新型抗微生物组合物的组合。非特异性相互作用是最常见的 有希望避免抗生素耐药性的方法。这种相互作用包括库仑 相反电荷基团之间的吸引力和疏水-疏水相互作用。它 涉及一系列抗菌剂攻击细菌的协调和级联事件。 由于非特异性，对于细菌来说，开发出 阻力另一方面，这种相互作用的强度和选择性对功效至关重要 对细菌的抗菌杀灭作用以及对真核细胞的细胞相容性。 我们建议设计局部表面两亲性聚集沿着一个大分子链作为一个 对革兰氏阴性菌特别有效的新类型的抗微生物组合物 病原体这种独特的大分子组合物克服了许多缺点， 抗微生物肽和抗微生物聚合物。首先，它采用了表面两亲性， 宿主防御肽，但不一定具有螺旋构象;第二，它不 需要克服一种可能不可能的全局构象排列， 聚合物需要进行调整以形成表面两亲性。这种新设计的高分子 用含有一系列多环的新型阳离子聚合物证明了抗菌剂 天然产物包括松香酸、胆酸和熊果酸，它们是三-， 四环和五环化合物。我们定义了面部两亲性指数（FAI）来理解面部的两亲性。 疏水性和带电基团的组合以及 需要穿透外部小叶并进一步破坏细菌的细胞膜。的 最大的贡献是将表面两亲性与细胞组成相关联，用于设计选择性的 抗菌疗法可能为对抗令人烦恼的细菌耐药性铺平新的道路。

Abstract Multidrug-resistant bacteria have evolved into a global crisis on the shortage of available antibiotics. Facing the mounting pressure, it is essential to discover and design next-generation portfolios of novel antimicrobial compositions. Nonspecific interactions are among the most promising approaches for evading antimicrobial resistance. Such interactions include Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged groups and hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions. It involves a series of coordinated and cascade events for antimicrobial agents to attack bacteria. Because of non-specificity, it would be more challenging for bacteria to develop mechanisms for resistance. On the other hand, strength and selectivity of such interactions are critical to efficacy of antimicrobial killing against bacteria as well as cytocompatibility toward eukaryotic cells. We propose to design local facial amphiphilicity clustered along a macromolecular chain as a new class of antimicrobial compositions that are particularly effective against Gram-negative pathogens. This unique macromolecular composition overcomes many deficiencies of antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial polymers. First it adopts the facial amphiphilicity from host defense peptides, but not necessarily possessing a helical conformation; second it does not need to overcome a likely impossible global conformational arrangement that antimicrobial polymers need to adapt to make facial amphiphilicity. This new design of macromolecular antimicrobials is demonstrated with novel cationic polymers containing a series of multicyclic natural products including abietic acid, cholic and ursolic acid, which are representatives of tri-, tetra- and penta-cyclic compounds. We define a facial amphiphilic index (FAI) to understand a combination of hydrophobicity and charged groups as well as cross-sectional areas that are needed to penetrate through outer leaflets and further damage cell membranes of bacteria. The most contribution is to correlate facial amphiphilicity with cell compositions for designing selective antimicrobial therapies that could pave a new pathway to fighting vexing bacterial resistance.