Control of Facial Amphiphilicity to Tune Macromolecular Interactions with Bacteria

摘要 多重耐药细菌已经演变成一场全球性的危机，因为可用的药物短缺 抗生素。面对越来越大的压力，发现和设计下一代是必要的 新型抗菌组合物组合。非特定的互动是最多的 规避抗菌素耐药性的有希望的方法。这种相互作用包括库仑 相反电荷基团之间的吸引和疏水-疏水相互作用。它 涉及抗菌剂攻击细菌的一系列协调和级联事件。 由于非特异性，对于细菌来说，开发机制将更具挑战性 抵抗。另一方面，这种相互作用的强度和选择性对疗效至关重要。 对细菌的抗菌剂杀灭以及对真核细胞的细胞相容性。 我们建议将沿着大分子链聚集的局部面部两亲性设计为 对革兰氏阴性菌特别有效的新型抗菌组合物 病原体。这种独特的大分子组成克服了许多不足之处 抗菌肽和抗菌聚合物。首先，它采用了面部的两亲性从 宿主防御肽，但不一定具有螺旋构象；第二，它不 需要克服一种可能不可能的全球构象安排，即 聚合物需要适应，以使面部两亲性。这种新型的大分子设计 含有一系列多环化合物的新型阳离子聚合物展示了抗菌剂 天然产物包括松香酸、胆酸和熊果酸，它们是三元化合物的代表， 四环和五环化合物。我们定义了面部两亲性指数(FAI)来理解 疏水性和带电基团的组合以及 需要穿透外部小叶，进一步破坏细菌的细胞膜。这个 最大的贡献是将面部的两亲性与细胞成分相关联，以设计选择性 抗菌疗法可能为对抗令人烦恼的细菌耐药性铺平一条新的途径。

Abstract Multidrug-resistant bacteria have evolved into a global crisis on the shortage of available antibiotics. Facing the mounting pressure, it is essential to discover and design next-generation portfolios of novel antimicrobial compositions. Nonspecific interactions are among the most promising approaches for evading antimicrobial resistance. Such interactions include Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged groups and hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions. It involves a series of coordinated and cascade events for antimicrobial agents to attack bacteria. Because of non-specificity, it would be more challenging for bacteria to develop mechanisms for resistance. On the other hand, strength and selectivity of such interactions are critical to efficacy of antimicrobial killing against bacteria as well as cytocompatibility toward eukaryotic cells. We propose to design local facial amphiphilicity clustered along a macromolecular chain as a new class of antimicrobial compositions that are particularly effective against Gram-negative pathogens. This unique macromolecular composition overcomes many deficiencies of antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial polymers. First it adopts the facial amphiphilicity from host defense peptides, but not necessarily possessing a helical conformation; second it does not need to overcome a likely impossible global conformational arrangement that antimicrobial polymers need to adapt to make facial amphiphilicity. This new design of macromolecular antimicrobials is demonstrated with novel cationic polymers containing a series of multicyclic natural products including abietic acid, cholic and ursolic acid, which are representatives of tri-, tetra- and penta-cyclic compounds. We define a facial amphiphilic index (FAI) to understand a combination of hydrophobicity and charged groups as well as cross-sectional areas that are needed to penetrate through outer leaflets and further damage cell membranes of bacteria. The most contribution is to correlate facial amphiphilicity with cell compositions for designing selective antimicrobial therapies that could pave a new pathway to fighting vexing bacterial resistance.