Resisting food temptation: how do affective and cognitive brain systems interact?

抵制食物诱惑：情感和认知大脑系统如何相互作用？

• 批准号: 10311872
• 负责人: Kyla Gibney
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-30 至 2024-08-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10311872
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Addictive Behavior; Address; Affective; Animal Model; Animals; Attention; Behavior; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Compulsive Behavior; Cues; Data; Dill; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Eating; Eating Behavior; Electroencephalogram; Event-Related Potentials; Fellowship; Food; Frequencies; Human; Impaired cognition; Incentives; Individual; Knowledge; Life; Light; Longevity; Measures; Mission; Modeling; Monitor; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurosciences; Obesity; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plant Roots; Play; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Self Administration; Signal Transduction; Smoking; Substance Use Disorder; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Training; addiction; career; cognitive control; cognitive system; cognitive testing; cue reactivity; drug of abuse; experimental study; human subject; incentive salience; neurobiological mechanism; pre-clinical; predictive modeling; response; smoking relapse; substance use; therapy development; treatment strategy

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The brain's reward system can promote survival by incentivizing adaptive behaviors such as eating, or it can undermine survival by incentivizing maladaptive behaviors such as compulsive drug use or excessive eating. Results from animal models indicate that reward-seeking behaviors such as eating and substance use are regulated by two systems: an affective system, which automatically allocates attention to reward-related cues, and a cognitive system, which enables top-down allocation of attention (Pitchers et al., 2018). Animals with an overreactive affective system are prone to compulsive cue-induced eating and cue-induced drug self- administration, whereas animals with a strong cognitive system are often able to resist these behaviors (Tunstall & Kearns, 2015). Much like these preclinical results, our results showed that humans with enhanced affective responses to reward-related cues are more likely to be obese (Versace et al., 2016), are more vulnerable to cue- induced eating (Versace et al., 2018), and are more vulnerable to smoking relapse (Versace et al., 2012) than individuals who are not highly cue-reactive (non-cue-reactive individuals). While our results demonstrate that an overreactive affective system confers vulnerability to many maladaptive, cue-induced behaviors, these results are silent about the role that the brain's cognitive system plays in mitigating this vulnerability. The proposed research aims to address the following gap in knowledge: are cue-reactive individuals also burdened by an impaired cognitive control system, or do they have an efficient cognitive control system that is overwhelmed in the presence of enhanced incentive responses to cues? My central hypothesis is that cue-reactive individuals do not have a general deficit in cognitive control, but rather their enhanced cue-induced incentive responses overwhelm their cognitive control system. I will test this hypothesis with the following specific aims: 1) Determine the extent to which cognitive control differs between cue-reactive and non-cue-reactive individuals while they engage affective and cognitive brain systems; 2) Integrate measures of cognitive control into predictive models of cue-induced behavior. I will test aim 1 by monitoring the engagement of cognitive control using power in the EEG theta frequency band—a validated measure of cognitive control—while human subjects complete a cued food delivery task and a flanker task. To achieve aim 2, I will incorporate psychophysiological measures of cognitive control into our predictive models of cue-induced behavior which previously relied on affective measures only. This research is significant because it will identify not only the mechanisms that make some individuals vulnerable to cue-induced, addictive behaviors, but also the mechanisms that make others resilient. Furthermore, this fellowship will provide me with the necessary training to become an impactful independent researcher in the neuroscience of addiction.

项目总结/摘要 大脑的奖励系统可以通过激励适应性行为（如进食）来促进生存， 通过刺激适应不良的行为，如强迫性吸毒或暴饮暴食，破坏生存。 动物模型的结果表明，寻求奖励的行为，如进食和物质使用， 由两个系统调节：一个是情感系统，它自动将注意力分配给与奖励相关的线索， 以及认知系统，其使得能够自上而下地分配注意力（Pitchers等人，2018年）。动物与 过度反应的情感系统倾向于强迫性线索诱导进食和线索诱导药物自我， 管理，而具有强大的认知系统的动物通常能够抵制这些行为（通斯托尔 & Kearns，2015）。就像这些临床前的结果一样，我们的结果表明，情感增强的人， 对奖励相关线索的反应更可能是肥胖（Versace等人，2016年，他们更容易受到暗示-- 诱导进食（Versace等人，2018），并且更容易复吸（Versace等人，2012年）比 非线索反应型（non-cue-reactive individuals）。虽然我们的研究结果表明， 过度反应的情感系统赋予脆弱性，许多适应不良，线索诱导的行为，这些结果 对大脑的认知系统在减轻这种脆弱性方面所起的作用保持沉默。拟议 研究旨在解决以下知识差距：线索反应个体是否也受到 受损的认知控制系统，或者他们有一个有效的认知控制系统， 对线索的激励反应的增强？我的核心假设是线索反应个体 在认知控制方面并没有普遍的缺陷，而是他们增强了线索诱导的激励反应。 压倒了他们的认知控制系统我将通过以下具体目标来检验这个假设：1） 确定线索反应和非线索反应之间认知控制的差异程度 个体，同时他们从事情感和认知大脑系统; 2）整合认知的措施， 控制转化为线索诱导行为的预测模型。我将通过监测以下人员的参与情况来检验目标1： 认知控制使用EEG θ频带中的功率-认知控制的验证措施-同时 人类受试者完成提示食物递送任务和侧翼任务。为了实现目标2，我将 心理生理学的认知控制措施到我们的线索诱导行为的预测模型， 以前只依靠情感措施。这项研究意义重大，因为它不仅将确定 机制，使一些人容易受到线索诱导，成瘾行为，但也 使其他人恢复活力的机制。此外，这个奖学金将为我提供必要的培训， 成为成瘾神经科学领域有影响力的独立研究者。