Rapid evolution of pigmentation in D. melanogaster: from cis regulation to phenotype

黑腹果蝇色素沉着的快速进化：从顺式调控到表型

• 批准号: 10322035
• 负责人: Lauren M. MCINTYRE
• 金额: $ 53.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10322035
• 关键词: Abdomen; Affect; Alleles; Allelic Imbalance; Animal Model; Antibiotic Resistance; Back; Bacterial Infections; Biological; Biological Models; Biological Phenomena; Biology; Capsicum; Color; Complex; Data; Development; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Drug resistance; Environment; Evolution; Exhibits; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Gene Frequency; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genome; Geology; Global Change; Goals; Inbreeding; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Light; Malignant Neoplasms; Modeling; Molecular; Moths; Mus; Mutation; Natural Selections; North America; Outcome; Pattern; Periodicity; Phenotype; Pigmentation physiologic function; Population; Process; Quantitative Genetics; Regulation; Seasonal Variations; Site; Surveys; System; Temperature; Testing; Translating; Translations; Variant; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; Work; experimental study; fitness; fly; genetic architecture; genetic evolution; genetic resource; genetic variant; innovation; insight; novel; pandemic disease; pesticide resistance; pleiotropism; response; trait; transcription factor

PROJECT SUMMARY Rapid evolutionary adaptation is a foundational process in biology and at the core of many issues facing humanity including cancer, bacterial and viral diseases, evolution of drug and pesticide resistance, and biological response to global change. Many traits that evolve rapidly are complex and polygenic, and we lack a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and evolutionary dynamics of rapid evolution in natural populations. Pigmentation is a complex phenotype determined by many loci. From the peppered moth to the pocket mouse, adaptive coloration is widely observed and, in many cases, a few large effect loci have been identified and then shown mechanistically to be responsible. Patterns of pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster are also thought to be adaptive, exhibiting clines at multiple scales, yet the genetic architecture and evolutionary dynamics are substantially more complex: body segments exhibit a variety of colors and patterns, dozens of loci affecting pigmentation have been verified, and patterns among different segments are not always highly correlated. Our preliminary data demonstrate that pigmentation can evolve very rapidly and cyclically in natural populations, fluctuating seasonally between dark coloration post-winter and light coloration post-summer. Hundreds of alleles change in frequency and are associated with the rapid evolution of pigmentation phenotype. Rapid seasonal evolution of pigmentation in D. melanogaster is not an example of a few loci of large effect, but represents a different paradigm underpinning the rapid evolution of complex traits. The need for rapid change is associated with a plastic response in which temperature causes an immediate change in pigmentation during development, but thermal plasticity does not explain the seasonal pigmentation response. We observe both durable shifts in midpoints as well as an increase in the distribution of the extremes. Shifts in population midpoint may not be due to the same set of loci as those that drive the phenotypic extremes. There are more than 20 known pigmentation loci controlled by cis regulation and associated with a diverse set of transcription factors. Pigmentation changes could be a result of shifting frequencies in trans factors that trigger cis regulation among a large number of loci, or it could be changes in cis effects directly. The targets of selection may be small in number or may represent a larger mutational target, and testing parallelism will enable us to determine the mutational target size. In this proposal we survey the genetics of rapid evolution in pigmentation with the goal of answering the following questions: Are the loci responsible for the average shift in pigmentation the same as loci in phenotypic extremes? Are the targets of rapid directional selection the same among populations? Are pigmentation traits directly responsible for rapid adaptation? Are cis regulatory changes occurring in the same set of loci at different spatial and temporal scales? To accomplish these goals we have planned a comprehensive set of experiments, using an innovative approach and novel experimental material, that will provide fundamental insight into the genetics of rapid evolution in natural populations.

项目摘要 快速进化适应是生物学的基础过程，也是人类面临的许多问题的核心 包括癌症，细菌和病毒疾病，药物和农药耐药性的进化以及生物反应 全球变化。许多迅速发展的特征是复杂而多基因的，我们缺乏全面的 了解自然种群快速进化的遗传和进化动力学。色素沉着 是由许多基因座确定的复杂表型。从胡椒飞蛾到袖珍鼠标，自适应 广泛观察着着色，在许多情况下，已经确定了一些大效应基因座，然后显示了 机械上负责。果蝇中色素沉着的模式也被认为是 自适应，在多个尺度上表现出等 基本上更复杂的是：身体段表现出各种颜色和图案，几十个基因座影响 色素沉着已经得到验证，不同段之间的模式并不总是高度相关。我们的 初步数据表明，在自然种群中，色素沉着可以非常快速和周期性地发展， 冬季和浅色后夏末之间的季节性波动。数百个等位基因 频率变化，与色素沉着表型的快速演变有关。快速季节性 D. melanogaster中色素沉着的演变不是少数几个基因座的一个例子，而是代表一个 不同的范式是复杂性状的快速演变。快速变化的需求是相关的 通过塑性反应，温度在发育过程中立即导致色素沉着的立即变化， 但是热可塑性不能解释季节色素沉着的反应。我们观察到两个耐用的变化 中点以及极端分布的增加。人口中点的变化可能不到期 与驱动表型极端的基因座相同的基因座。有20多个已知的色素沉着 由CIS调节控制的基因座，并与多种转录因子相关。色素沉着变化 可能是反式因子中频率转移的结果 否则可能是CIS效应的变化。选择的目标可能很小，也可能代表 更大的突变靶标和测试并行性将使我们能够确定突变目标大小。在这个 提案我们调查色素沉着快速发展的遗传学，目的是回答以下内容 问题：基因座是否导致色素沉着的平均变化与表型极端中的基因座相同？ 人群中快速定向选择的目标是否相同？是直接的色素沉着性状 负责快速适应？在不同的空间上，在同一基因座中发生的顺式调节变化是 和时间尺度？为了实现这些目标，我们计划了一套全面的实验 一种创新的方法和新颖的实验材料，它将提供对遗传学的基本见解 自然种群快速演变。