Human hippocampal contributions to rapid encoding-retrieval interactions during memory formation

项目摘要/摘要 情节记忆障碍是神经和精神障碍患者面临的严峻挑战 这会影响海马体，包括癫痫、脑损伤、神经退行性变、精神分裂症和创伤后应激障碍。 开发有效的治疗方法将需要更好地理解支持 记忆的形成、存储和提取。该项目的目标是通过测试 关于人类海马体的作用及其与大规模脑网络相互作用的假说 记忆的形成。情景记忆的形成是一个时间延长的过程，在这个过程中，个体主动地 通过扫视眼球运动在环境中的样本信息(用于视觉信息)，绑定此 信息转化为进化的内存表示，然后使用该内存表示来通知 随后查看信息等。尽管海马体在发作性疾病中的必要作用 记忆的形成是既定的，关于它如何参与扩展的过程，人们知之甚少 在活动采样期间形成的记忆。这代表了机械论上的知识鸿沟。 理解情景记忆的形成，因为主动采样是记忆形成的主要方式 都被创造出来了。该项目测试了人类海马体在提供在线表征 情节内容，并向大脑网络提供自上而下的信号，以获得视觉空间注意力和视觉 为了形成连贯的情节记忆，需要驱动视觉采样所需的处理。这一假设 将在几个实验中进行测试，这些实验测量和操纵眼睛跟踪中的海马体活动 任务旨在隔离记忆形成过程中记忆和视觉采样之间的相互作用。这些 实验将在接受神经外科手术的癫痫患者身上进行，作为 临床护理，因为这提供了来自海马体和其他部位的神经活动(IEEG)的侵入性记录 具有与眼睛快速运动速度相匹配的时间分辨率的感兴趣区域。世俗的 IEEG的分辨率是解决有关海马体如何驱动视觉的假说的关键 采样，除了对它做出回应。通过iEEG电极的直接电刺激也将是 用于测试海马区处理在驱动主动视觉采样中的必要作用。通过严格地 测试记忆过程中海马区在与大范围网络相互作用中的作用 通过主动采样形成，这个项目旨在更好地理解与 出现在神经和精神疾病中的记忆形成的中断。这些发现可能 告知治疗记忆障碍的技术方法。

Project Summary/Abstract Episodic memory impairment is a serious challenge for individuals with neurological and psychiatric disorders that impact the hippocampus, including epilepsy, brain injury, neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, and PTSD. The development of effective treatments will require better understanding of brain mechanisms that support memory formation, storage, and retrieval. The goal of this project is to improve such understanding by testing a hypothesis about the role of the human hippocampus and its interactions with large-scale brain networks in memory formation. Episodic memory formation is a temporally extended process whereby individuals actively sample information in the environment via saccadic eye movements (for visual information), bind this information into an evolving memory representation, and then use this memory representation to inform subsequent viewing of information, and so on. Although the necessary role of the hippocampus in episodic memory formation is well established, little is known regarding how it participates in the extended process of memory formation that occurs during active sampling. This represents a knowledge gap in mechanistic understanding of episodic memory formation, as active sampling is the dominant manner in which memories are created. This project tests the role of the human hippocampus in providing online representation of episodic content and providing the top-down signals to brain networks for visuospatial attention and visual processing needed to drive visual sampling for the formation of coherent episodic memories. This hypothesis will be tested in several experiments that measure and manipulate hippocampal activity within eye-tracking tasks designed to isolate the interplay between memory and visual sampling during memory formation. These experiments will be performed in individuals with epilepsy undergoing neurosurgical procedures as part of clinical care, as this provides invasive recordings of neural activity (iEEG) from the hippocampus and other regions of interest with temporal resolution that matches the rapid pace of eye movements. The temporal resolution of iEEG is key to addressing the hypotheses concerning how the hippocampus drives visual sampling, in addition to responding to it. Direct electrical stimulation through the iEEG electrodes will also be used to test the necessary role of hippocampal processing in driving active visual sampling. By rigorously testing the role of hippocampus in interaction with large-scale networks during the process of memory formation that occurs via active sampling, this project aims to better understand mechanisms relevant to the disruptions of memory formation that occur in neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings could inform technological approaches to treat memory disorders.