Racial Differences in Developmental and Daily Sleep-Alcohol Associations in Youth

项目摘要/摘要 年轻人的酒精使用/后果和睡眠不足之间存在着惊人的相似之处。也就是说，这两种酒 使用/后果和睡眠不足在青年中非常普遍，少数族裔青年 睡眠不足和酗酒/后果的负担不成比例。此外，睡眠不足和 酗酒/后果经常在年轻人中同时发生。前瞻性研究一致表明睡眠 缺乏预示着随后的饮酒/后果。虽然对酒精的预期影响的研究结果 在青少年饮酒研究中，对随后睡眠不足的使用/后果不太一致 研究表明，饮酒会导致青春期晚期和青壮年睡眠不足 酒鬼。这些双向睡眠与酒精的关联具有重大意义，因此睡眠 缺乏和饮酒/后果在恶性循环中相互作用，通过这种循环 随着时间的推移会加剧。然而，尚待检验的是：(A)睡眠与酒精之间是否存在潜在的关联 不同种族之间的差异以及(B)如果是这样，是什么种族特有的机制支撑着双向睡眠-- 青年时期的酒精协会。这项拟议的研究旨在解决共同国家中令人担忧的种族差距问题。 美国青年中两个普遍而严重的公共卫生问题的发生。激动人心的启蒙 酒精使用/后果的增加以及青春期中期出现的睡眠不足 这是描述涉及酒精使用/后果的风险过程的最佳发展时期 随着时间的推移睡眠不足。具体地说，我们的目标是检验(1)预期双向的种族差异 随着时间的推移，睡眠与酒精的关系，以及(2)基于理论的与睡眠相关的风险途径中的种族差异 缺乏和饮酒/后果，包括长期和短期的社会逆境暴露 以及随后的压力应对反应。这项拟议研究的目标的实现将增强人们的知识 关于睡眠-酒精差异在关键发育期的潜在机制 青春期。这一知识还将为有针对性的、对种族敏感的预防和治疗战略提供信息 减少少数族裔青年的睡眠酒精问题。归根结底，这些具有针对性和种族敏感性的 预防/治疗努力将有助于缩小少数族裔青年之间的健康差距。

Project Summary/Abstract Striking parallels exist in alcohol use/consequences and sleep deficiency among youth. That is, both alcohol use/consequences and sleep deficiency are highly prevalent in youth, and racial minority youth are disproportionately burdened with sleep deficits and alcohol use/consequences. Further, sleep deficiencies and alcohol use/consequences frequently co-occur in youth. Prospective research consistently indicates sleep deficiency predicts subsequent alcohol use/consequences. While findings for the prospective effect of alcohol use/consequences on subsequent sleep deficiency are less consistent in youth, alcohol administration studies have shown that alcohol use leads to subsequent sleep deficits among late adolescent and young adult drinkers. These bi-directional sleep-alcohol associations have significant implications such that sleep deficiency and alcohol use/consequences feed into each other in a vicious downward cycle by which they exacerbate over time. However, what is yet to be tested is (a) whether sleep-alcohol prospective associations differ across racial groups and (b) if so, what racially-specific mechanisms underlie the bi-directional sleep- alcohol associations in youth. This proposed study seeks to address the troubling racial disparities in the co- occurrence of the two prevalent and serious public health problems in American youth. The drastic initiation and escalation in alcohol use/consequences along with sleep deficiencies occurring in mid-adolescence make it an optimal developmental period to characterize risk processes involving alcohol use/consequences and sleep deficiencies over time. Specifically, we aim to test (1) racial differences in the prospective bi-directional sleep-alcohol associations over time, and (2) racial differences in a theory-based risk pathway linking sleep deficiency and alcohol use/consequences, which involves long-term and short-term social adversity exposures and subsequent stress-coping responses. Achievement of this proposed study's aims will enhance knowledge about the mechanisms underlying sleep-alcohol disparities during the critical developmental period of adolescence. This knowledge will also inform targeted, racially-sensitive prevention and treatment strategies to curtail sleep-alcohol problems among racial minority youth. Ultimately, these targeted and racially-sensitive prevention/treatment endeavors will contribute to reducing health disparities among racially minority youth.