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Person-environment interplay in alcohol use and consequences among Black youth

黑人青年饮酒及其后果中人与环境的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
8689587
负责人：
Aesoon Park
金额：
$ 39.51万
依托单位：
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-05 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8689587
关键词：
Abstinence Accounting Address Adolescence Affect African American Age Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohol dependence Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Alleles Attitude Characteristics Criminal Justice Critical Pathways DRD4 gene Development Disadvantaged Discrimination Disease Dopamine Receptor Educational Background Environment Environmental Exposure Environmental Risk Factor Ethanol Metabolism Exhibits Exposure to Failure Family Genes Genetic Polymorphism Genotype Goals Heavy Drinking Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Injury Intention Intervention Knowledge Legal Life Longitudinal Studies Minisatellite Repeats Modeling Neighborhoods Parenting behavior Parents Pathway interactions Personality Persons Predisposition Prevention strategy Process Prospective Studies Public Health Race Research Research Design Risk Risk Factors Shapes Social Environment Symptoms System Testing Time Work Youth alcohol availability alcohol consequences alcohol exposure alcohol related consequences alcohol related problem alcohol use disorder alcohol use initiation base binge drinking design drinking experience gene environment interaction health disparity high risk high risk sexual behavior improved interest peer public health relevance racial discrimination reduced alcohol use serotonin transporter social stressor treatment strategy underage drinking

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Underage drinking is a major public health concern, showing disproportionately harmful effects on African Americans. Despite the fact that African-American youth exhibit higher rates of abstinence and lower rates of binge drinking, African-American drinkers experience more negative consequences from drinking such as more negative family and interpersonal problems, legal problems, alcohol-related injuries and diseases, and alcohol dependence symptoms. In addition, once developed, alcohol problems are more likely to persist in African American drinkers than in other racial groups. To reduce these troubling alcohol-related health disparities, it is essential to better understand the risk pathways involved in escalations of alcohol use and negative drinking consequences (e.g., academic failure, involvement with the criminal justice system, substance use, and risky sexual behaviors) among African Americans. Mid-adolescence is the optimal period to observe escalations of alcohol use and negative drinking consequences and their risk processes, because alcohol initiation peaks at ages 12/13 and alcohol use disorders peaks at age 18. In the dynamic interactionism perspective, individuals develop through the ongoing reciprocal interplay with their social environment. Although a wide range of individual and social environmental risk factors have been identified, it is unknown how these factors reciprocally affect each other and shape changes in alcohol use and negative drinking consequences among African-American youth over time. Using a genetically-informed 2-wave longitudinal study design, this proposed research aims to model two pathways (i.e., self-selection and gene- environment interaction), by which individual factors interplay with social environmental factors and affect increases in alcohol use and consequences among urban African American youth. First, individual factors (e.g., prior drinking, impulsivity, intention to drink, and the DRD4 rs1800955) that determine the extent to which youth select into high-risk environments (e.g., heavy-drinking peers, and easy alcohol accessibility) will be identified. Second, the extent to which genotypes (the 5-HTTLPR, the DRD4 VNTR, the DRD4 rs1800955, and the ADH1B*3) modulate environmental influences on changes in alcohol use and consequences over time will be tested. The two processes of self-selection and gene-environment interactions will elucidate critical pathways by which alcohol use and consequences are exacerbated over time. The enhanced knowledge about the risk pathways among African American youth will improve public health by informing the development of ethnically and developmentally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies designed to reduce health disparities related to alcohol among African American youth.

项目概要/摘要未成年人饮酒是一个主要的公共卫生问题，对非洲人造成了不成比例的有害影响美国人。尽管非裔美国青年表现出较高的禁欲率和较低的率酗酒，非洲裔美国饮酒者会因饮酒而遭受更多负面后果，例如更多负面的家庭和人际问题、法律问题、与酒精有关的伤害和疾病，以及酒精依赖症状。此外，一旦出现酒精问题，酒精问题更有可能持续存在。非裔美国人的饮酒量高于其他种族群体。减少这些与酒精相关的健康问题差异，有必要更好地了解酒精使用升级所涉及的风险途径和饮酒的负面后果（例如学业失败、卷入刑事司法系统、非裔美国人中的物质使用和危险性行为）。青春期中期是最佳时期观察酒精使用的升级和负面饮酒后果及其风险过程，因为开始饮酒的高峰期为 12/13 岁，酒精使用障碍的高峰期为 18 岁。从互动主义的角度来看，个人通过与社会的持续互动而发展环境。尽管已经确定了广泛的个人和社会环境风险因素，但目前尚不清楚这些因素如何相互影响并影响饮酒和负面影响的变化随着时间的推移，非裔美国青年饮酒的后果。使用遗传信息 2 波纵向研究设计，这项拟议的研究旨在模拟两种途径（即自我选择和基因选择）环境相互作用），个体因素与社会环境因素相互作用并影响城市非裔美国青年饮酒量的增加及其后果。一、个人因素（例如，之前饮酒、冲动、饮酒意图和 DRD4 rs1800955），这些决定了饮酒的程度青少年选择进入高风险环境（例如，酗酒的同龄人和容易获得酒精）将确定。其次，基因型（5-HTTLPR、DRD4 VNTR、DRD4 rs1800955、和 ADH1B*3) 调节环境对酒精使用变化的影响以及随着时间的推移产生的后果将受到测试。自我选择和基因-环境相互作用的两个过程将阐明关键的随着时间的推移，饮酒及其后果加剧的途径。增强的知识关于非洲裔美国青年的风险途径将通过告知制定对种族和发展敏感的预防和干预战略，旨在减少非裔美国青年中与酒精相关的健康差异。