Subcortical influence on the respiratory coordination of cortical neurodynamics related to cognition

缓慢的皮质振荡，例如theta(5-9赫兹)频段的活动，可能会提供大范围的活动一致性 距离，为参与神经处理的区域间通信提供了一种机制。更快 伽马频段振荡(GBO；30-200赫兹)被认为在更高水平的认知中起着重要作用 包括注意力在内的处理。Theta/GBO偶联(TG偶联)在认知加工中的作用是很好的 已经成立了。然而，最近的研究发现，鼻腔呼吸也可以暂时 协调大脑中的动态神经活动，反映为呼吸诱发振荡(REO)，这是 在选择的行为中，表现出对GBO(RG耦合)的高相位幅度耦合。目前还不清楚 如果RG耦合在认知中起作用。我们的主要假设是，RG耦合的强度在 与注意相关的额顶叶网络(前顶叶和后顶叶皮质)将与 与注意力相关的表现。 目的1：额顶叶注意网络中的RG偶联与学习成绩相关 需要集中注意力的操作性任务。我们将在SELECT的局部场电位中测量呼吸和REO 在用于测量持续时间的操作信号检测任务期间评估RG耦合的大脑区域 注意，啮齿动物精神运动警戒任务(RPVT)。在rPVT中，小鼠保持对刺激的注意 位置，并用短潜伏期可操作的响应来响应检测到的短暂且不可预测的提示 获得食物奖励。在正确的试验之前，我们预测在额顶顶叶RG耦合将很强 注意网络，而快速反应时间将与强大的RG耦合相关。相比之下，在此之前 遗漏试验(注意力失败)，我们预测RG的耦合将会减弱。 目标2：通过对高炉的光遗传操作来减弱/促进RG耦合 小白蛋白神经元(BF-PV)将损害/改善rPVT中与注意相关的操作。我们的 初步研究结果表明，BF-PV的闭环伽马频率刺激(CLS)与 呼吸吸气，而不是呼气，促进RG偶联。因此，我们将利用此CLS范例来 确定RG耦合的调制如何影响与注意相关的性能。 在一系列精选的神经精神疾病中，认知缺陷背后的病理过程 涉及异常的神经时间动力学。因此，这些研究将有助于了解 恢复/增强认知功能的转化疗法。

Slow cortical oscillations, such as theta (5-9Hz) band activity, may provide coherence of activity over large distances, providing a mechanism for interregional communication involved in neural processing. Faster gamma band oscillations (GBO; 30-200 Hz) are thought to play a major role in higher-level cognitive processing including attention. The role of theta/GBO coupling (TG coupling) in cognitive processing is well established. However, more recent studies have observed that nasal respiration can also temporally coordinate dynamic neural activity in the brain, reflected as respiratory-entrained oscillations (REO), which exhibit high phase-amplitude coupling to GBO (RG coupling) during select behaviors. Presently it is unknown if RG coupling has a role in cognition. Our overarching hypothesis posits that the strength of RG coupling in the attention-related frontoparietal network (prelimbic and posterior parietal cortices) will correlate with attention-related performance. Aim 1: RG coupling in the frontoparietal attentional network correlates with performance in an attention-demanding operant task. We will measure respiration and REO in local field potentials in select brain regions to evaluate RG coupling during an operant signal detection task used to measure sustained attention, the rodent psychomotor vigilance task (rPVT). In the rPVT, mice maintain attention to a stimulus location, and respond to detection of a brief and unpredictable cue with a short-latency operant response to receive food reward. Prior to correct trials, we predict that RG coupling will be strong in the frontoparietal attention network, and that fast reaction times will correlate with robust RG coupling. In contrast, prior to omission trials (attention failures), we predict that RG coupling will be diminished. Aim 2: Attenuation/promotion of RG coupling by means of optogenetic manipulation of BF parvalbumin neurons (BF-PV) will impair/improve attention-related performance in the rPVT. Our preliminary findings show that closed-loop gamma frequency stimulation (CLS) of BF-PV in relation to respiratory inhalation, but not exhalation, promotes RG coupling. Therefore, we will utilize this CLS paradigm to determine how modulation of RG coupling impacts attention-related performance. Across a range of select neuropsychiatric illnesses, the pathological processes behind cognitive deficits involve abnormal neural temporal dynamics. Thus, these studies will help to inform the development of translational therapies to restore/enhance cognitive function.