The Impact of Land Use Change on Transmission Potential Networks and Disease Spread in Rural Madagascar

土地利用变化对马达加斯加农村地区传播潜力网络和疾病传播的影响

• 批准号: 10645238
• 负责人: Charles Nunn
• 金额: $ 7.58万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-17 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10645238
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Antibodies; Applications Grants; Automobile Driving; Bacteria; Biodiversity; COVID-19 complications; COVID-19 pandemic; California; Cause of Death; Communicable Diseases; Competence; DNA; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Deforestation; Dimensions; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Dysentery; Ecosystem; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Escherichia coli; Feces; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; Habitats; Health; Helminths; High Prevalence; Human; Human Resources; Individual; Infection; Infectious Agent; Interruption; Investigation; Laboratory Research; Leptospirosis; Link; Livestock; Low income; Madagascar; Mammals; Modeling; Modification; Molecular; Monitor; Movement; Organism; Parasites; Parents; Pathogenicity; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Plague; Planet Earth; Population; Protozoa; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Ribosomal RNA; Risk; Rodent; Rural; Rural Community; Sampling; Scientist; Serology; Shipping; Social Interaction; Surface; System; Testing; Time; Universities; Variant; Virus; Wild Animals; Work; Zoonoses; anthropogenesis; authority; cost; diarrheal disease; disease transmission; disorder risk; economic outcome; experimental study; forest; gastrointestinal; gastrointestinal bacteria; global health; improved; insight; land use; low income country; parent grant; pathogen; pathogenic bacteria; predictive modeling; screening; social; sociodemographics; transmission process

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic land-use change influences multiple dimensions of infectious disease transmission among humans and other animals. Under parent grant RO1 TW011493, we are taking an ecological and evolutionary approach to investigate zoonotic disease emergence in rural Madagascar, where several zoonotic diseases represent significant public health challenges. To capture the complexity of dynamics at the human-animal interface, we are studying multiple host and pathogen species along gradients of land use change. An overarching goal of the research is to build epidemiologically relevant networks that represent social, close-contact, and environmental overlap among humans, domesticated mammals, and small mammals, and to test whether these “transmission potential networks” (TPNs) capture variation in infection patterns. This supplemental request addresses this important goal by funding research to screen for gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, which are significant contributors to diarrheal diseases, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Co-investigators in our partner lab at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) will screen for a wide range of pathogenic and non- pathogenic bacteria using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, which will be supplemented with high-throughput approaches to differentiate pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. This work will complete our characterization of major parasite groups (viruses, helminths, protozoa, and bacteria) that are spread via different transmission pathways among multiple host species. Supplemental funding is essential to this effort to extend the laboratory research at UCSB, where parent grant funding was originally focused on helminth screening. The relative ease and low cost of additional bacterial pathogen screening provides an unprecedented opportunity to enrich the multi-host, multi-pathogen dataset to achieve the Specific Aims in the parent grant. Supplemental funds will also support additional lab work to complete helminth screening, which was interrupted due to COVID-related complications of shipping, limited time in the lab, and personnel shortages. The parent RO1 grant supports all fieldwork, DNA extractions, and data analysis as part of the current sampling plan.

摘要 人为土地利用变化影响传染病传播的多个层面 在人类和其他动物中。根据母公司赠款RO 1 TW 011493，我们正在采取生态和 进化的方法来调查马达加斯加农村出现的人畜共患病， 人畜共患疾病是重大的公共卫生挑战。为了捕捉动态的复杂性 在人-动物界面，我们正在研究多种宿主和病原体物种，沿着沿着梯度， 土地利用变化研究的首要目标是建立流行病学相关网络， 代表了人类、家养哺乳动物、 和小型哺乳动物，并测试这些“传播潜力网络”（TPN）是否捕获 感染模式的变化。这一补充请求通过提供资金来实现这一重要目标。 研究筛选胃肠道细菌病原体，这是重要的贡献者， 疟疾是世界上主要的死亡原因之一。我们的合作实验室的合作研究者， 加州大学圣巴巴拉分校（UCSB）将筛选广泛的致病性和非致病性 病原菌使用16 S rRNA元巴编码，这将补充高通量 区分大肠杆菌致病性和非致病性菌株的方法。这项工作将 完成我们的主要寄生虫群体（病毒，蠕虫，原生动物和细菌）的表征， 通过不同的传播途径在多种宿主物种中传播。补充资金是 至关重要的是，这一努力，以扩大实验室研究在UCSB，在父母赠款资金是 最初专注于蠕虫筛查。相对容易和低成本的额外细菌病原体 筛选提供了前所未有的机会来丰富多宿主、多病原体数据集， 实现父母补助金中的具体目标。补充资金还将支持额外的实验室工作 完成蠕虫筛查，由于与COVID相关的运输并发症而中断， 实验室时间有限，人员短缺。父RO 1赠款支持所有实地考察，DNA 提取和数据分析作为当前抽样计划的一部分。