The Impact of Land Use Change on Transmission Potential Networks and Disease Spread in Rural Madagascar

土地利用变化对马达加斯加农村地区传播潜力网络和疾病传播的影响

• 批准号: 10645238
• 负责人: Charles Nunn
• 金额: $ 7.58万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-17 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10645238
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Antibodies; Applications Grants; Automobile Driving; Bacteria; Biodiversity; COVID-19 complications; COVID-19 pandemic; California; Cause of Death; Communicable Diseases; Competence; DNA; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Deforestation; Dimensions; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Dysentery; Ecosystem; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Escherichia coli; Feces; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; Habitats; Health; Helminths; High Prevalence; Human; Human Resources; Individual; Infection; Infectious Agent; Interruption; Investigation; Laboratory Research; Leptospirosis; Link; Livestock; Low income; Madagascar; Mammals; Modeling; Modification; Molecular; Monitor; Movement; Organism; Parasites; Parents; Pathogenicity; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Plague; Planet Earth; Population; Protozoa; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Ribosomal RNA; Risk; Rodent; Rural; Rural Community; Sampling; Scientist; Serology; Shipping; Social Interaction; Surface; System; Testing; Time; Universities; Variant; Virus; Wild Animals; Work; Zoonoses; anthropogenesis; authority; cost; diarrheal disease; disease transmission; disorder risk; economic outcome; experimental study; forest; gastrointestinal; gastrointestinal bacteria; global health; improved; insight; land use; low income country; parent grant; pathogen; pathogenic bacteria; predictive modeling; screening; social; sociodemographics; transmission process

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic land-use change influences multiple dimensions of infectious disease transmission among humans and other animals. Under parent grant RO1 TW011493, we are taking an ecological and evolutionary approach to investigate zoonotic disease emergence in rural Madagascar, where several zoonotic diseases represent significant public health challenges. To capture the complexity of dynamics at the human-animal interface, we are studying multiple host and pathogen species along gradients of land use change. An overarching goal of the research is to build epidemiologically relevant networks that represent social, close-contact, and environmental overlap among humans, domesticated mammals, and small mammals, and to test whether these “transmission potential networks” (TPNs) capture variation in infection patterns. This supplemental request addresses this important goal by funding research to screen for gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, which are significant contributors to diarrheal diseases, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Co-investigators in our partner lab at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) will screen for a wide range of pathogenic and non- pathogenic bacteria using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, which will be supplemented with high-throughput approaches to differentiate pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. This work will complete our characterization of major parasite groups (viruses, helminths, protozoa, and bacteria) that are spread via different transmission pathways among multiple host species. Supplemental funding is essential to this effort to extend the laboratory research at UCSB, where parent grant funding was originally focused on helminth screening. The relative ease and low cost of additional bacterial pathogen screening provides an unprecedented opportunity to enrich the multi-host, multi-pathogen dataset to achieve the Specific Aims in the parent grant. Supplemental funds will also support additional lab work to complete helminth screening, which was interrupted due to COVID-related complications of shipping, limited time in the lab, and personnel shortages. The parent RO1 grant supports all fieldwork, DNA extractions, and data analysis as part of the current sampling plan.

摘要 人为土地利用变化对传染病传播的多维影响 在人类和其他动物中。在家长资助RO1 TW011493下，我们正在进行一项生态和 进化论方法研究马达加斯加农村地区人畜共患病的出现，那里有几个 人畜共患疾病是公共卫生面临的重大挑战。捕捉动力学的复杂性 在人与动物的界面上，我们正在研究多种寄主和病原体物种 土地利用变化。这项研究的首要目标是建立与流行病学相关的网络， 代表人类、家养哺乳动物、 和小型哺乳动物，并测试这些“传输潜力网络”(TPN)是否捕获 感染模式的变化。这一补充请求通过提供资金来解决这一重要目标 筛选胃肠道细菌病原体的研究，这些病原体对 腹泻病是全世界主要的死亡原因之一。我们合作实验室的合作调查员： 加州大学圣巴巴拉分校(UCSB)将对多种致病和非致病疾病进行筛查 病原菌使用16S rRNA元编码，这将与高通量补充 大肠埃希菌致病株与非致病株的鉴别方法这项工作将 完成我们对主要寄生虫组(病毒、蠕虫、原生动物和细菌)的描述 通过不同的传播途径在多个寄主物种之间传播。补充资金是 对扩展UCSB实验室研究的努力至关重要，那里的父母赠款资金是 最初专注于蠕虫筛查。附加细菌病原体的相对易用性和低成本 筛查为丰富多宿主、多病原体数据集提供了前所未有的机会 实现家长资助中的具体目标。补充资金还将支持额外的实验室工作 为了完成因COVID相关航运并发症而中断的蠕虫筛查， 实验室时间有限，人员短缺。家长RO1基金支持所有的野外工作，DNA 提取和数据分析是当前抽样计划的一部分。