Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Center - East and Central Africa

新发传染病研究中心 - 东非和中非

• 批准号: 10649662
• 负责人: M KARIUKI NJENGA
• 金额: $ 120.97万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10649662
• 关键词: Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Agriculture; Air; Animals; Asia; Berlin; Birth; Camels; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Central Africa; Cessation of life; China; Circulation; Clinical; Clinical Research; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Congo; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Country; County; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Surveillance; Dromedaries; Eastern Africa; Ebola; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Environment; Epidemic; Europe; Food; Frequencies; Genotype; Health; High Prevalence; Hospital Referrals; Human; Incidence; Infant; Infection; Infectious Diseases Research; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Infrastructure; International; Kenya; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life Style; Livestock; Longitudinal cohort study; Maintenance; Marburgvirus; Measures; Middle East; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Morbidity - disease rate; Occupations; Outpatients; Pathogenicity; Phenotype; Physicians; Pilot Projects; Population; Predisposition; Prevention; Public Health; Reagent; Recurrence; Regional Disease; Reporting; Research; Rift Valley Fever; Rift Valley fever virus; Risk; Risk Assessment; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Seroprevalences; Services; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Severities; Severity of illness; Site; Tanzania; Telephone; Testing; Travel; Tropical Medicine; Uganda; United States; Universities; Veterinarians; Viral; Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers; Viral reservoir; Virulence; Virulent; Virus; Virus Diseases; Virus Shedding; Visit; Washington; World Health Organization; ZIKA; Zoonoses; cohort; community living; density; emerging pathogen; experience; field study; follow-up; forest; global health; health care availability; health seeking behavior; human disease; improved; influenza epidemic; marginalization; marginalized community; mortality; outbreak response; pathogen; physical conditioning; programs; respiratory; response; social culture; translational study; transmission process; vector; viral detection; viral outbreak; viral transmission

PROJECT SUMMARY Since 2012 when the first human case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was confirmed, the World Health Organization has reported >2220 human infections and almost 800 deaths spread across 27 countries located in the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and the United States. Although dromedary camels are the known reservoir of the virus, there is limited knowledge on the mechanisms and factors associated with camel-to-human transmission, which remains the primary mechanism of human infections. Human outbreaks and the number of documented cases of MERS-CoV continue to grow in the Middle East and Asia; however there have, to date, been no documented cases of human disease in the eastern Africa countries where >65% of the world’s dromedary camels are found. This is despite evidence of prevalent MERS-CoV infection of camels in the region. The absence of human disease in East Africa may be explained by viral plasticity resulting in inefficient transmission and/or weakened virulence, or poor disease surveillance and reporting among the marginalized camel-owning nomadic pastoralist populations that inhabit remote arid lands of the regions. We will test these hypotheses by conducting integrated longitudinal cohort studies within a closed community of naïve pastoralists and their camel population that is known to sustain MERS-CoV circulation in Marsabit County, Kenya, in order to determine the maintenance and transmission of the virus among camels, zoonotic transmission to humans, and severity of human infections. To determine if the circulating MERS-CoV is genetically and phenotypically distinct from known virus clades in the Middle East and Asia, we will isolate the East African virus by collecting samples biweekly from an infant cohort (birth -1 year) of 211 camels, followed by culture and isolation of the virus to performed genotypic and phenotypic comparison with the known clade viruses To investigate whether a combination of weak surveillance and poor access to health care are responsible for absence of disease, we will follow-up for a year, a cohort of 573 camel handlers through biweekly visits, weekly telephone calls, and access to a toll-free number in order to intensively examine and test them for MERS-CoV disease. In addition, we will identify, test, and follow-up >4500 in- and out-patients with respiratory illness at Marsabit County Referral Hospital for 3 years. To assess the risk the virus poses to humans, we will determine the level of viral shedding in camels, and relate this to the incidence of zoonotic transmission, and types of camel contact that increase transmission risk. These studies will identify the type of virus circulating in East Africa, increasing knowledge about plasticity of MERS-CoV and its impact on zoonotic transmission and disease. By elucidating the frequency and mechanisms of zoonotic transmission, and progression to clinical human disease, we will define the risk the virus poses to this community at the frontline of a newly emergent virulent virus by virtue of their occupation and lifestyle, paving the way for development of improved surveillance and appropriate prevention and control strategies.

项目总结

项目成果

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genetic evolution in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients from the Kenyan population.

肯尼亚人群中已接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的患者中 SARS-CoV-2 遗传进化的特征。

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3457875/v1
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Research square
• 作者: Oyola,Samuel

Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Camels and Probable Spillover Infection to Humans in Kenya.

肯尼亚骆驼中爆发中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒并可能蔓延至人类。

• DOI: 10.3390/v14081743
• 发表时间: 2022-08-09
• 期刊: Viruses

Seroprevalence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, December 2020.

• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.72914.2
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: F1000Research

Near-Complete SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Rural and Urban Kenyans despite Significant Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal.

• DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010068
• 发表时间: 2022-12-28
• 期刊: Vaccines
• 影响因子: 7.8
• 作者: Nasimiyu C;Ngere I;Dawa J;Amoth P;Oluga O;Ngunu C;Mirieri H;Gachohi J;Dayan M;Liku N;Njoroge R;Odinoh R;Owaka S;Khamadi SA;Konongoi SL;Galo S;Elamenya L;Mureithi M;Anzala O;Breiman R;Osoro E;Njenga MK
• 通讯作者: Njenga MK

High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 but low infection fatality ratio eight months after introduction in Nairobi, Kenya.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.062
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
• 作者: Ngere I;Dawa J;Hunsperger E;Otieno N;Masika M;Amoth P;Makayotto L;Nasimiyu C;Gunn BM;Nyawanda B;Oluga O;Ngunu C;Mirieri H;Gachohi J;Marwanga D;Munywoki PK;Odhiambo D;Alando MD;Breiman RF;Anzala O;Njenga MK;Bulterys M;Herman-Roloff A;Osoro E
• 通讯作者: Osoro E