Evaluating nutrition labeling policy changes in the US and Mexico.

评估美国和墨西哥的营养标签政策变化。

• 批准号: 10662456
• 负责人: Rachel Ellen Davis
• 金额: $ 60.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10662456
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Adult; American; Awareness; Back; Behavior; Beverages; Body mass index; Caffeine; Calories; Cardiovascular Diseases; Communication; Consumption; Country; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Disadvantaged; Disease; Disparity; Disparity population; Education; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Food Labeling; Food Packaging; Food Policy; Funding; Goals; Health; Health Food; Healthy Eating; High Prevalence; Intake; International; Interruption; Intervention; Knowledge; Label; Latinx; Location; Low income; Malignant Neoplasms; Mexican; Mexican Americans; Mexico; Nutrition Labeling; Nutritional; Obesity; Outcome; Pattern; Persons; Policies; Policy Developments; Population; Prevalence; Product Labeling; Resources; Sampling; Secure; Series; Side; Sodium; Surveys; Sweetening Agents; Time; Time Series Analysis; Trans Fats; Unhealthy Diet; United States; Work; communication theory; consumer behavior; cost; design; dietary; ethnic minority population; experimental study; food environment; food security; health disparity; health equity; health literacy; improved; innovation; nutrition; obese person; post implementation; recruit; relative effectiveness; response; saturated fat; simulation; sugar; sweetened beverage; trend; warning label

PROJECT SUMMARY The United States (US) and Mexico have the highest prevalence of obesity in the world. In the US, Latinxs, who comprise the largest ethnic minority group, have disproportionately high rates of poor diet quality, obesity, and diet-related health outcomes. Food labeling is a low-cost, wide-reaching intervention for communicating nutrition information to consumers so they can make more informed, healthier food choices. Between 2020 and 2021, the US is changing the Nutrition Facts Label (NFL) on pre-packaged foods, which will increase the visibility of calorie amounts and serving sizes while introducing information on added sugar. NFLs have been criticized, however, for their complexity and location on the back of packaging. Front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels provide more visible and simplified information on the nutritional value of foods, enabling consumers to easily compare options at the point of product selection. Between 2020 and 2021, Mexico will implement mandatory FOP warnings in the form of prominent “stop signs” on packaged foods that are high in calories, sodium, sugar, saturated fat, or trans fats, as well as products with added caffeine or non-caloric sweeteners. To evaluate the relative effectiveness of these new US and Mexican policies, the current proposal leverages data from the International Food Policy Study (IFPS), which has annually surveyed approximately 4000 US and 4000 Mexican adults since 2018. Funding for Mexico ends in 2020, though funding is secured for the US through 2024. Mexicans and US Latinxs with lower educational attainment – key groups with disproportionately high obesity rates and for whom the FOP warnings may be most effective – have been under-represented in IFPS surveys. The proposed study will continue annual surveys of Mexican consumers through 2024 (n=4000/year) while providing an oversample of US Mexican Americans (MAs; n=2000/year) who comprise approximately two-thirds of all US Latinxs. We will recruit additional samples of Mexicans (n=1500/year) and MAs (n=1500/year) with lower education. This pre/post study will compare within- and between-countries over time to address two aims. Aim 1 will evaluate the impact of the mandatory FOP warnings in Mexico relative to NFL changes in the US. We hypothesize that increases in awareness/use of nutrition labels, nutrition knowledge, and healthy dietary behaviors will be greater in Mexico than in the US, including US MAs. Aim 2 will evaluate disparities in the effects of these nutrition labeling policies. We hypothesize that awareness and use of FOP warnings, nutrition knowledge, and healthy dietary behaviors will increase more from pre- to post-policy among disadvantaged groups in Mexico than in the US due to the greater prominence and simplicity of the Mexican FOP warnings. Finally, we expect that post-implementation trends in labeling effects among disadvantaged groups will favor the Mexican over US policy. The results from this study will inform policy development in the US and globally, as well as communication theories that guide product labeling to promote healthy behaviors.

项目摘要 美国和墨西哥是世界上肥胖症患病率最高的国家。在美国，拉丁裔， 他们是最大的少数民族群体，饮食质量差，肥胖， 和饮食相关的健康结果。食品标签是一种低成本，广泛影响的沟通干预 向消费者提供营养信息，使他们能够做出更明智、更健康的食物选择。2020年至 到2021年，美国正在改变预包装食品上的营养成分标签（NFL），这将增加 在介绍添加糖信息的同时，还可以看到卡路里量和份量。NFLs已经 然而，由于它们的复杂性和在包装背面的位置而受到批评。封装正面（FOP） 营养标签提供了更直观和简化的食物营养价值信息， 消费者可以在选择产品时轻松地比较选项。2020年至2021年，墨西哥将 在包装食品上以醒目的“停止标志”的形式强制性使用FOP警告， 卡路里，钠，糖，饱和脂肪或反式脂肪，以及添加咖啡因或无热量的产品 甜味剂为了评估美国和墨西哥这些新政策的相对有效性，目前的建议是， 利用国际粮食政策研究（IFPS）的数据，该研究每年调查约 自2018年以来，4000名美国和4000名墨西哥成年人。对墨西哥的资助将于2020年结束，但对墨西哥的资助将于2020年结束。 美国到2024年。教育程度较低的墨西哥人和美国拉丁裔-主要群体 不成比例的高肥胖率，对他们来说，FOP的警告可能是最有效的， 在IFPS的调查中代表性不足。这项拟议中的研究将继续对墨西哥消费者进行年度调查 到2024年（n=4000/年），同时提供美国墨西哥裔美国人（MA; n=2000/年）的过样本 他们占美国拉丁裔的三分之二我们会招募更多的墨西哥人样本 （n=1500/年）和硕士（n=1500/年），教育程度较低。本研究前/后将比较 随着时间的推移，国家之间的合作可以实现两个目标。目标1将评估强制性FOP的影响 墨西哥的警告与美国NFL的变化有关。我们假设，意识/使用的增加 营养标签、营养知识和健康饮食行为在墨西哥将比在美国更多， 包括美国MA。目标2将评估这些营养标签政策效果的差异。我们 假设FOP警告、营养知识和健康饮食行为的意识和使用将 从政策前到政策后，墨西哥弱势群体的增长率高于美国，原因是 更加突出和简单的墨西哥FOP警告。最后，我们预计， 弱势群体中的标签效应趋势将有利于墨西哥而不是美国的政策。的结果 这项研究将为美国和全球的政策制定提供信息，并为指导 产品标签，以促进健康的行为。

项目成果

Awareness, use and understanding of nutrition labels among adults from five countries: Findings from the 2018-2020 International Food Policy Study.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106311
• 发表时间: 2023-01-01
• 期刊: APPETITE
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Acton, Rachel B.;Rynard, Vicki L.;Adams, Jean;Bhawra, Jasmin;Cameron, Adrian J.;Contreras-Manzano, Alejandra;Davis, Rachel E.;Jauregui, Alejandra;Sacks, Gary;Thrasher, James F.;Vanderlee, Lana;White, Christine M.;Hammond, David
• 通讯作者: Hammond, David