Collaborative Co-design of Portable Work Benefits Policy Model and Prototype based on Direct Care Workers' Needs, Attitudes, and Beliefs

基于直接护理人员的需求、态度和信念的便携式工作福利政策模型和原型的协同设计

• 批准号: 10560116
• 负责人: Charlene Chao-Li Kuo
• 金额: $ 4.32万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-30 至 2024-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10560116
• 关键词: Collaborative; Co; design; Portable; Work

Direct care workers (DCWs) comprise an essential, highly-skilled, rapidly growing part of the health care workforce. DCWs assist people with disabilities and frail elders with activities of daily living. DCWs decrease health care costs by preventing the need for institutionalization, hospitalization, and other costly medical services among their clients. From 2016 to 2060, the number of adults aged 65 and over will increase from 49.2 million to 94.7 million. The number of adults 18 to 64 will remain the same, leading to a shortage of family caregivers. There were 31 working-age adults for every adult aged 85 and over in 2017, but this ratio will diminish to 12 by 2060. DCWs are expected to grow by 1.3 million from 2019 to 2029. This growth will not keep pace with the projected growth of people with disabilities and frail elders. The turnover rate among DCWs is already high due to poor work conditions and inadequate compensation, with more people leaving the workforce than entering it. It is critical to explore ways to improve DCW working conditions and compensation to prevent further shortages in the workforce. Although DCWs contribute enormously to public health, their health is put at risk due to the nature of the work, low wages, and lack of worker protections and traditional work benefits. DCWs are vulnerable to injury, abuse, infectious diseases, and other poor health outcomes due to the previously listed disadvantages. The DCW workforce in the United States is predominantly comprised of priority populations: female, racial or ethnic minorities, and one in four workers are immigrants. The risks that DCWs face exacerbates existing health disparities among these priority populations. There is compelling evidence that work benefits improve health outcomes. Work benefits also protect clients of DCWs from healthcare-associated infections as DCWs would be able to take paid sick leave when ill. Portable work benefits are work benefits that employees can take with them from job to job, prorated so that multiple employers (like clients) can contribute, and accessible to all workers. Portable work benefits are not widely available but have been proposed as an innovative way for workers who lack work benefits can receive them. We propose to 1) conduct focus group discussions to explore the needs, attitudes, and beliefs of DCWs regarding portable work benefits; 2) hold two co-design sessions and a focus group session with DCWs to develop and refine a portable work benefits policy model for DCWs in Maryland (with agency representatives invited to the second co-design and focus group sessions), and 3) hold a co-design session and a focus group session for adapting and further refining portable work benefits apps and websites for DCWs. This study will provide a first step toward obtaining DCWs work benefits that will protect their health and those around them, improve work conditions and compensation, and prevent further workforce shortages among DCWs. This research will also ensure that portable work benefits for DCWs are appropriate. The methods and results of this study can also inform research for other vulnerable worker populations that lack traditional work benefits.

直接护理工作者（DCW）是医疗保健的重要组成部分，具有高技能，并迅速增长 劳动力社区工作者协助残疾人士和体弱长者进行日常生活活动。DCW减少 通过防止机构化，住院和其他昂贵的医疗费用的需要， 服务于他们的客户。从2016年到2060年，65岁及以上的成年人数量将从 49.2 9470万。18至64岁的成年人数量将保持不变，导致家庭短缺 照顾者2017年，每一个85岁及以上的成年人对应31个工作年龄的成年人，但这一比例将继续上升。 到2060年减少到12个。预计从2019年到2029年，DCW将增加130万。这种增长不会持续下去。 与残疾人士及体弱长者的预计增长同步。社区工作者的流动率是 由于工作条件差和补偿不足， 探索改善DCW工作条件和薪酬的方法至关重要 以防止劳动力进一步短缺。尽管DCW对公共卫生做出了巨大贡献， 由于工作性质、低工资、缺乏工人保护和传统习俗， 工作福利。DCW容易受到伤害，虐待，传染病和其他不良健康结果， 针对之前列出的缺点。美国的DCW劳动力主要由以下人员组成： 优先人口：女性、种族或少数民族，四分之一的工人是移民。的风险 DCWs面临的问题加剧了这些优先人群之间现有的健康差距。有令人信服 有证据表明，工作福利可以改善健康状况。工作福利还可以保护DCW的客户免受 此外，儿童护理员亦可在患病时放取有薪病假，以减少与医疗有关的感染。便携式工作 福利是员工可以从一个工作到另一个工作获得的工作福利，按比例分配， 雇主（与客户一样）可以缴款，而且所有工人都可以使用。便携式工作的好处并不广泛 目前，这一制度已经推出，但已被提议作为一种创新方式，使缺乏工作福利的工人能够领取这些福利。 我们建议：1）进行焦点小组讨论，以探讨社区工作者的需要、态度和信念 关于便携式工作福利; 2）与DCW举行两次共同设计会议和一次焦点小组会议， 为马里兰州的DCW制定并完善可移植的工作福利政策模型（与机构代表一起 邀请参加第二次共同设计和焦点小组会议），以及3）举行共同设计会议和焦点小组会议 会议，以适应和进一步完善便携式工作福利应用程序和网站的DCW。本研究将 为获得DCW工作福利迈出了第一步，这将保护他们及其周围的人的健康， 改善工作条件和补偿，并防止DCW进一步出现劳动力短缺。这 研究还将确保DCW的便携式工作福利是适当的。的方法和结果 这项研究还可以为缺乏传统工作福利的其他弱势工人群体的研究提供信息。