Developing and testing the Opioid Rapid Response System

摘要 该II期SBIR将开发并证明阿片类药物快速反应系统（ORRS）的疗效， 改善对阿片类药物过量的反应。阿片类药物过量在生命和支出方面付出了巨大的代价。 已经开发了纳洛酮来对抗过量;然而，这些事件的性质需要快速的药物治疗。 这一情况对人口稀少的农村地区以及 人口稠密的城市社区。现在存在的应用程序有可能通过链接来消除时间问题 通过911系统对事件做出反应的非专业公民。其中一个应用程序PulsePoint已经在4，100个 社区在美国各地的心脏事件，而其他两个潜在的合作伙伴，OpiSafe和勇敢， 专注于药物过量，并扩大客户群。其他社区只是分发纳洛酮， 尽可能广泛。纳洛酮分销和应用程序都不能在没有有效的情况下实现其目标 招募和培训许多公民响应者，他们既能够管理拯救生命的纳洛酮， 相信自己有能力这样做。到目前为止，还没有基于证据的方案来实现这些目标。 该项目旨在制定创新和有效的招聘和培训战略，以填补这一空白。 ORRS基于一个试点项目，该项目证明普通公民响应者可以利用PulsePoint应用程序 对药物过量事件作出反应。在第一阶段，我们开发了一个有效的招募协议的基础上认同理论 它利用对个人（个人身份上诉）和其他人（社区上诉）的上诉， 通过多种方式。我们还开发了ORRS在线培训的原型，并展示了可用性 和可行性的研究，在五个印第安纳州县。在II期，将对ORRS招募进行细化， 为了提高社交媒体部分的业绩，将加强培训平台， 将在8个国家开展预防危机和减少耻辱感以及加强参与，并开展国家随机对照试验。 社区.将评估招募和培训对心理和行为结果的影响。 该项目通过PulsePoint、OpiSafe和Brave快速广泛传播的前景很好 社区和公共卫生部门的技术合作网络。该项目有可能 为社区应对类似公共卫生事件建立一个模式。

Abstract This Phase II SBIR will develop and demonstrate the efficacy of the Opioid Rapid Response System (ORRS) to improve responses to opioid overdoses. Opioid overdoses exact a tremendous cost in lives and expenditures. Naloxone has been developed to counteract overdoses; however, the nature of these events requires a rapid response, a situation that challenges emergency responders in both lightly populated rural areas as well as densely populated urban communities. Apps now exist with the potential to obviate timing concerns by linking lay citizen responders to events through the 911 system. One such app, PulsePoint, is already in place in 4,100 communities throughout the U.S. for cardiac events, while two other potential partners, OpiSafe and Brave, focus on overdoses and have expanding customer bases. Other communities simply distribute naloxone as widely as possible. Neither naloxone distribution nor the apps can accomplish their goals without effectively recruiting and training many citizen responders who are both able to administer life-saving naloxone and confident in their ability to do so. To date, there are no evidence-based programs to accomplish these goals. This project is designed to develop innovative and effective recruitment and training strategies to fill this gap. ORRS was based on a pilot project demonstrating that lay citizen responders could utilize the PulsePoint app to respond to overdose events. In Phase I, we developed an effective recruitment protocol based on identity theory that uses appeals to individuals (personal identity appeals) and others (communal appeals) and administered it through multi-modalities. We also developed a prototype of ORRS online training and demonstrated usability and feasibility through a study in five Indiana counties. In Phase II, ORRS recruitment will be refined to improve the performance of the social media component, the training platform will be enhanced to focus on CPR and stigma reduction as well as enhanced engagement, and a national RCT will be conducted in 8 communities. Recruitment and training effects on psychological and behavioral outcomes will be evaluated. The project has great promise for rapid and wide dissemination through the PulsePoint, OpiSafe, and Brave Technology Coop networks of communities as well as public health departments. The project has the potential to develop a model for community responses to similar public health events.