Heat-related illness and farmworker’s health: Climate change and precarious employment

摘要 密歇根生命环境暴露和疾病(M-LEEAD)核心中心(P30)，由 国家环境健康科学研究所(NIEHS)，总部设在密歇根大学， 围绕重要的环境暴露易感性关键窗口这一主题进行组织 疾病的决定因素。它的使命是加速研究，确定环境暴露的影响 在生命的脆弱阶段，并将这些发现转化为改善医疗和公共卫生 干预措施。M-Leead的这种多样性补充的目的是进行流行病学研究 目的探讨高温相关疾病(HRI)对农民健康的影响。极端高温事件是 在美国，频率、强度和持续时间都在增加。对15年的分析 (1992-2006年)显示，与高温有关的农业作物工人的年平均死亡率为0.39% 10万工人，相比之下，美国平民人口为0.02。随着气候变化导致气温 由于热浪持续上升，预计未来几十年热浪将变得更加频繁和严重。这是 美国农场工人的公共卫生担忧-主要是在不稳定工作下工作的拉丁裔(AS) 并受到各种慢性病、社会和经济因素的影响，这些因素可能 加剧了他们对与高温有关的疾病的脆弱性。农场工人的工作不稳定--以及 由此产生的不均匀分布的环境暴露-是健康的关键社会决定因素 对环境正义的影响。我们的具体目标是：(1)检查横截面关联 基于就业的HRI和心血管疾病的危险因素使用来自密歇根大学的定性数据 农工项目，并进行系统的文献综述，以确定基于就业的风险因素 HRI和健康。然后，利用来自全国农业工人的数据进行量化分析 调查(NAWS 1999-2018)，以评估其与关于心血管危险因素的自我报告数据的关系 (2)评估全国范围内因以下原因而导致的死亡率趋势分析 使用美国劳工统计局致命职业普查数据的农场工人人力资源指数(1992-2020) 伤害(CFOI)和CFOI中确定为暴露的与高温相关的死亡数据，并计算死亡率 全国范围内农场工人的失业率。利用国家和公众可获得的气象数据，我们将评估 同期农工热浪与死亡的相关性，(3)发展 根据目标1和目标2的调查结果，使用英文“政策简报”向农场工人发放宣传材料 通过社交媒体平台提供可访问的环境科学信息 在拟议研究结果的背景下讨论卫生和司法问题。拟议的补编是一致的 M-Leead中心的使命是以进一步了解 农场工人不稳定就业对环境和职业健康的影响。

ABSTRACT The Michigan Lifestage Environmental Exposures and Disease (M-LEEaD) Core Center (P30), funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), is based at the University of Michigan and is organized around the theme of critical windows of susceptibility to environmental exposures as important determinants of disease. Its mission is to accelerate research that defines impacts of environmental exposures during vulnerable stages of life, and to translate those findings to improve medical and public health interventions. The goal of this diversity supplement to M-LEEaD is to conduct epidemiological research to study the impact of heat related illness (HRI) on the health of farmworkers. Extreme heat events are increasing in the United States (US) in frequency, intensity, and duration. Analysis from a 15 year period (1992-2006) showed that the heat-related average annual death rate for agricultural crop workers was 0.39 per 100,000 workers, compared with 0.02 for the US civilian population. As climate change causes temperatures to continue to rise, heat waves are expected to become more frequent and severe in the coming decades. This is a public health concern for US farmworkers—primarily Latinos(as) working under precarious working conditions and impacted by a wide range of chronic diseases, social and economic factors that may exacerbate their vulnerability to heat-related illnesses. Precarious employment for farmworkers--and the resulting inequitably distributed environmental exposures—is a key social determinant of health with implications for environmental justice. Our specific aims are: (1) To examine cross-sectional associations of employment-based risk factors for HRI and cardiovascular disease using qualitative data from the Michigan Farmworker project and conducting a systematic literature review to identify employment-based risk factors for HRI and health. Then, quantitative analysis will be conducted using data from the National Agricultural Worker Survey (NAWS 1999-2018) to assess its association with self-reported data on cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) collected in NAWS, (2) To assess nationwide trend analysis in fatality rates due to HRI in farmworkers (1992 – 2020) using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) and data on heat-related deaths identified in the CFOI as an exposure and calculate fatality rates among farmworkers nationwide. Using national and publicly available meteorological data, we will assess the correlation of heat waves with fatalities in farmworkers during the same time-period, (3) To develop dissemination materials for farmworkers based on findings in Aim 1 and 2 by using “policy briefs” in English and Spanish through a social media platform that provides accessible scientific information in environmental health and justice in the context of the findings of the proposed study. The proposed supplement is aligned with the mission of the M-LEEaD center with the central goal to further scientific knowledge on the environmental and occupational health impact of precarious employment in farmworkers.