Self-reflective accuracy across subclinical dimensions of psychopathology

精神病理学亚临床维度的自我反思准确性

• 批准号: 10679418
• 负责人: Adam Mitchell Morris
• 金额: $ 7.32万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10679418
• 关键词: Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Benchmarking; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Computer Models; Decision Making; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Event; Faculty; Fellowship; Funding; Future; Gender; General Population; Goals; Health; Home; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Learning; Link; Location; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Processes; Mentors; Mentorship; Mindfulness Training; Modeling; Neurocognitive; Obsessive compulsive behavior; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Population; Process; Psychiatry; Psychopathology; Race; Reporting; Research; Sampling; Self-Examination; Severities; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Thinking; Time; Training; Translating; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Weight; Work; alcohol craving; alcohol cue; alcohol involvement; alcohol response; alcohol use disorder; cognitive process; diagnostic biomarker; follow-up; improved; insight; mindfulness intervention; novel; psychiatric symptom; schizophrenia spectrum disorder; social

Project Summary/Abstract. “Why did I choose to do that?” Being able to answer this common question – and accurately reflect on the mental processes underlying one’s choices – is fundamental to good decision-making and healthy relationships. This capacity is impaired in some forms of psychopathology; inaccurate self-reflection appears related to psychiatric symptoms in diverse areas such as schizophrenia spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and substance use disorders1–12, and improving self-reflection is a goal of many therapeutic interventions13–16. Yet, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying self-reflective (in)accuracy are poorly understood because the field lacks objective, quantitative measures of this ability. I propose to use a novel measure (which I’ve developed and piloted) to quantify people’s self-reflective accuracy about their choice processes, and relate this accuracy to psychiatric symptom variation in the general population. In this task, participants first make choices between options (e.g., homes to rent, or social events to attend) which vary on many attributes17,18. Then, participants report how they believe they made their choices, including how much weight they placed on each attribute and how they combined the attributes together. I then fit a set of established models to participants’ choices17,19, recovering key aspects of their choice process. By comparing participants’ self-reports to the process revealed in their actual choices, I can obtain an objective measure of participants’ self-reflective accuracy about their choice process. Using this measure, I will test whether schizotypy and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (in a general-population sample) correlate with lower self-reflective accuracy (Study 1), and whether symptoms of disordered alcohol use correlate with lower accuracy in the specific context of choices involving alcohol (Study 2). Finally, I will add my measure to an ongoing NIH-funded clinical trial testing whether a mindfulness intervention can reduce alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers. I will test whether this mindfulness intervention improves self-reflective accuracy in alcohol-related choice20,21, and whether improvements in accuracy mediate reductions in alcohol consumption22–24 (Study 3). This research provides a generative paradigm for quantifying self-reflective accuracy in choice, supporting future investigation into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying self-reflection and its disruption in psychopathology1,3,7,9,10,25 and offering a benchmark for validating future therapeutic interventions26. My background is in computational models of choice27–30, and in this fellowship I will learn to apply these models to psychopathology. My mentor team includes experts in computational cognitive science, psychopathology, computational psychiatry, clinical interventions, and self-understanding, and the training plan involves substantial coursework, one-on-one mentorship, and seminar attendance. Moreover, Princeton – with its world-renowned faculty in computational psychiatry – offers an unparalleled environment to conduct this research and training.

项目摘要/摘要。 “我为什么选择这样做？”能够回答这个常见问题——并且 准确地反映一个人的选择背后的心理过程——是良好决策的基础 和健康的人际关系。这种能力在某些形式的精神病理学中受到损害；不准确 自我反思似乎与不同领域的精神症状有关，例如精神分裂症谱系 障碍、强迫症和物质使用障碍1-12，提高自我反省是一个 许多治疗干预措施的目标13-16。然而，自我反思背后的神经认知机制 人们对准确度知之甚少，因为该领域缺乏对这种能力的客观、定量的衡量。 我建议使用一种新颖的衡量标准（我已经开发并试点）来量化人们的自我反思 他们的选择过程的准确性，并将这种准确性与精神症状的变化联系起来 一般人群。在此任务中，参与者首先在选项之间做出选择（例如，出租房屋或社交 参加的活动），这在许多属性上有所不同17,18。然后，参与者报告他们认为自己是如何做出自己的贡献的 选择，包括他们对每个属性的重视程度以及他们如何组合这些属性 一起。然后，我根据参与者的选择拟合一组已建立的模型17,19，恢复他们的关键方面 选择过程。通过将参与者的自我报告与他们实际选择中揭示的过程进行比较，我 可以客观地衡量参与者对其选择过程的自我反思的准确性。 使用这个方法，我将测试精神分裂症和强迫症状（在一个 一般人群样本）与较低的自反射精度相关（研究 1），以及是否 酗酒的症状与特定选择背景下的较低准确度相关 涉及酒精（研究 2）。最后，我将把我的措施添加到正在进行的 NIH 资助的临床试验中 正念干预是否可以减少酗酒者的饮酒量。我会测试是否 这种正念干预提高了与酒精相关的选择的自我反思准确性20,21和 准确性的提高是否会导致酒精消耗量的减少22-24（研究3）。这项研究 提供了一种生成范式，用于量化选择中的自我反思准确性，支持未来的研究 深入了解自我反思背后的神经认知机制及其对精神病理学的破坏1,3,7,9,10,25 并为验证未来的治疗干预措施提供基准26。 我的背景是选择 27-30 的计算模型，在本次奖学金中我将学习如何应用这些模型 到精神病理学。我的导师团队包括计算认知科学、精神病理学、 计算精神病学、临床干预和自我理解，培训计划涉及大量内容 课程作业、一对一指导和参加研讨会。此外，普林斯顿大学——以其世界闻名的 计算精神病学教师——提供了一个无与伦比的环境来进行这项研究和培训。