Regulatory Impact on Vape Shops and Young Adults' Use of ENDS

监管对电子烟商店和年轻人使用 ENDS 的影响

• 批准号: 10310412
• 负责人: Carla J Berg
• 金额: $ 52.87万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10310412
• 关键词: Address; Advertising; Age; Area; Awareness; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Communities; Data; Demography; Devices; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Environment; Exposure to; Felis catus; Future; Generations; Harm Reduction; Health; Health Policy; Individual; Industry; Legal; Literature; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Manufacturer Name; Marketing; Neighborhoods; Nicotine; Perception; Policies; Population; Proliferating; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Regulation; Research; Risk; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Smoker; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; Target Populations; Taste Perception; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Vaporizer; Vulnerable Populations; addiction; critical period; density; economic impact; electronic hookah; electronic liquid; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; health practice; health warning; high risk; high risk population; infancy; metropolitan; polysubstance use; polytobacco use; programs; racial and ethnic; secondary outcome; smoke-free policy; social; socioeconomic disadvantage; substance use; tobacco control; tobacco products; vaping; vapor; warning label; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have emerged in the US market, with use and awareness rapidly increasing in recent years, particularly in young adults. While ENDS may facilitate harm reduction in smokers, ENDS represent significant health risks, including addiction in the nicotine-naïve (e.g., young adults). From a socioecologic perspective, the literature regarding tobacco retail indicates that place characteristics such as neighborhood demography and policy context influence retailer location and marketing, and these factors impact individual tobacco use. However, this literature is in its infancy in regard to ENDS and particularly to vape shops, which are stores exclusively devoted to ENDS sales. Vape shops have proliferated in the US and are unique in their product offerings, marketing, and overall retail environment (e.g., tasting bars). Vape shops, as well as the 2nd and 3rd generation ENDS they sell, have particular appeal to young adults. A particularly important and timely macro-level factor that may impact ENDS use and distribution channels is the impending FDA Deeming Regulation on ENDS and other tobacco products. The Deeming Regulation involves a range of policies implemented in the next 3 years (e.g., mandatory age verification and prohibiting free samples beginning in Aug 2016, mandatory health warning labels effective Aug 2018, manufacturers required to submit a new tobacco product application by Aug 2018, etc.). These regulations are likely to impact vape shop survival as well as their marketing and the overall vape shop experience, given young adults are the biggest segment of vape shop clientele (who will require ID), the social experience of tasting bars (which will no longer be allowed), and the history of ENDS being promoted as safe and for cessation or harm reduction (with products and ads requiring health warnings). A well-integrated program of research is needed to examine the multilevel impact of regulation on ENDS retailers, as well as on ENDS marketing, specifically among vape shops, given that they are a unique retail settings that have a particular impact on young adult ENDS use. Leveraging a Socioecological Framework, we will draw data from 6 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) representing the CDC-defined regions and the gradient of tobacco control in order to address 3 inter-related aims: 1) examine density and survival of vape shops over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); 2) examine vape shop marketing and POS practices (e.g., age verification, free sampling, health warnings) over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); and 3) examine young adult ENDS use over time and across contexts in relation to spatial access to vape shops and convenience stores, ENDS advertising exposure, local policies, and sociocontextual factors. This research will document the impact of regulation on this industry and provide an evidence base for legislation regarding zoning and vape shop marketing/POS practices to protect high-risk populations. We will disseminate findings with an explicit focus on informing public health policy and practice regarding ENDS, as well as future research.

项目摘要/摘要 电子尼古丁传递系统（末端）在美国市场中出现，使用和意识迅速提高 近年来，特别是在年轻人中。虽然末端可能有助于减少吸烟者的伤害，但末端代表 严重的健康风险，包括在不接受尼古丁（例如年轻人）中加入。从社会生态学的角度来看 有关烟草零售的文献表明，诸如邻里删除和政策之类的位置特征 上下文会影响零售商的位置和营销，这些因素会影响单个烟草使用。但是，这些文献 就目的而言，尤其是vape商店，该商店仅专门用于销售。 vape商店在美国激增，其产品，营销和整体零售业是独一无二的 环境（例如，品尝棒）。 vape商店以及第二代和第三代的销售 给年轻人。可能影响最终使用和分配的一个特别重要且及时的宏观层面因素 渠道是末端和其他烟草产品的FDA视为法规。视为法规 涉及未来三年实施的一系列政策（例如，强制性年龄验证和禁止的免费样品 从2016年8月开始，强制性健康警告标签有效于2018年8月，制造商需要提交新的 烟草产品应用于2018年8月等）。这些法规可能会影响vape店的生存及其 鉴于年轻人是Vape Shop客户的最大部分（谁）（谁） 将需要ID），品尝酒吧的社交经验（不再允许），以及目的的历史 促进安全，戒烟或减少危害（需要健康警告的产品和广告）。一个整合的 需要研究计划来检查监管对目的零售商的多层次影响以及目的 营销，特别是在vape商店中的营销，鉴于它们是一个独特的零售环境 年轻的成人目的使用。利用社会生态框架，我们将从6个大都市统计领域绘制数据 （MSA）代表CDC定义的区域和烟草控制的梯度，以解决3个相互关联的目的： 1）随着时间的流逝和跨环境，检查与FDA法规，本地政策的密度和生存 以及其他社会上下文因素（例如，邻里环境，便利店的密度/接近性）； 2）检查vape 随着时间的推移和跨越环境 与FDA法规，本地政策和其他社会上下文因素的关系（例如，邻里环境，密度/接近性 便利店）； 3）检查年轻的成年目的随着时间和环境而言与空间访问有关 为了vape商店和便利店，结束广告曝光，当地政策和社会文化因素。这 研究将记录监管对该行业的影响，并为有关立法的证据基础 分区和vape商店营销/POS实践，以保护高风险人群。我们将通过 明确关注有关目的以及未来研究的公共卫生政策和实践的信息。