Regulatory Impact on Vape Shops and Young Adults' Use of ENDS

监管对电子烟商店和年轻人使用 ENDS 的影响

• 批准号: 10310412
• 负责人: Carla J Berg
• 金额: $ 52.87万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10310412
• 关键词: Address; Advertising; Age; Area; Awareness; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Communities; Data; Demography; Devices; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Environment; Exposure to; Felis catus; Future; Generations; Harm Reduction; Health; Health Policy; Individual; Industry; Legal; Literature; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Manufacturer Name; Marketing; Neighborhoods; Nicotine; Perception; Policies; Population; Proliferating; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Regulation; Research; Risk; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Smoker; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; Target Populations; Taste Perception; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Vaporizer; Vulnerable Populations; addiction; critical period; density; economic impact; electronic hookah; electronic liquid; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; health practice; health warning; high risk; high risk population; infancy; metropolitan; polysubstance use; polytobacco use; programs; racial and ethnic; secondary outcome; smoke-free policy; social; socioeconomic disadvantage; substance use; tobacco control; tobacco products; vaping; vapor; warning label; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have emerged in the US market, with use and awareness rapidly increasing in recent years, particularly in young adults. While ENDS may facilitate harm reduction in smokers, ENDS represent significant health risks, including addiction in the nicotine-naïve (e.g., young adults). From a socioecologic perspective, the literature regarding tobacco retail indicates that place characteristics such as neighborhood demography and policy context influence retailer location and marketing, and these factors impact individual tobacco use. However, this literature is in its infancy in regard to ENDS and particularly to vape shops, which are stores exclusively devoted to ENDS sales. Vape shops have proliferated in the US and are unique in their product offerings, marketing, and overall retail environment (e.g., tasting bars). Vape shops, as well as the 2nd and 3rd generation ENDS they sell, have particular appeal to young adults. A particularly important and timely macro-level factor that may impact ENDS use and distribution channels is the impending FDA Deeming Regulation on ENDS and other tobacco products. The Deeming Regulation involves a range of policies implemented in the next 3 years (e.g., mandatory age verification and prohibiting free samples beginning in Aug 2016, mandatory health warning labels effective Aug 2018, manufacturers required to submit a new tobacco product application by Aug 2018, etc.). These regulations are likely to impact vape shop survival as well as their marketing and the overall vape shop experience, given young adults are the biggest segment of vape shop clientele (who will require ID), the social experience of tasting bars (which will no longer be allowed), and the history of ENDS being promoted as safe and for cessation or harm reduction (with products and ads requiring health warnings). A well-integrated program of research is needed to examine the multilevel impact of regulation on ENDS retailers, as well as on ENDS marketing, specifically among vape shops, given that they are a unique retail settings that have a particular impact on young adult ENDS use. Leveraging a Socioecological Framework, we will draw data from 6 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) representing the CDC-defined regions and the gradient of tobacco control in order to address 3 inter-related aims: 1) examine density and survival of vape shops over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); 2) examine vape shop marketing and POS practices (e.g., age verification, free sampling, health warnings) over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); and 3) examine young adult ENDS use over time and across contexts in relation to spatial access to vape shops and convenience stores, ENDS advertising exposure, local policies, and sociocontextual factors. This research will document the impact of regulation on this industry and provide an evidence base for legislation regarding zoning and vape shop marketing/POS practices to protect high-risk populations. We will disseminate findings with an explicit focus on informing public health policy and practice regarding ENDS, as well as future research.

项目摘要/摘要 电子尼古丁递送系统(END)已经出现在美国市场，使用和意识迅速增加 近年来，特别是在年轻人中。虽然End可能有助于减少吸烟者的伤害，但End代表 重大健康风险，包括吸食尼古丁成瘾(例如，年轻人)。从社会生态的角度来看， 关于烟草零售的文献表明，地方特征，如社区人口统计和政策 背景影响零售商的位置和营销，这些因素影响个人烟草使用。然而，这部文学作品 在Ends方面还处于初级阶段，特别是Vape商店，这是专门从事Ends销售的商店。 Vape商店在美国激增，在产品供应、营销和整体零售方面都是独一无二的 环境(例如，品尝吧)。Vape商店，以及他们销售的第二代和第三代终端，具有特别的吸引力 敬年轻的成年人。可能影响终端使用和分配的特别重要和及时的宏观因素 渠道是FDA即将出台的关于末端和其他烟草产品的考虑条例。《思考规则》 涉及在未来3年内实施的一系列政策(例如，强制年龄核实和禁止免费样品 从2016年8月开始，强制性健康警告标签从2018年8月起生效，制造商需要提交新的 烟草产品在2018年8月之前申请，等)。这些规定可能会影响电子烟商店的生存以及他们的 市场营销和整体电子烟商店体验，鉴于年轻人是电子烟商店客户的最大部分(谁 将需要ID)，品尝酒吧的社会经验(将不再允许)，以及结束的历史 宣传为安全和戒烟或减少伤害(产品和广告要求健康警告)。一个完美整合的 需要制定一项研究计划，以检查监管对Ends零售商以及Ends的多层次影响 营销，特别是在Vape商店中，因为它们是一个独特的零售环境，对 青壮年终端使用。利用社会生态学框架，我们将从6个大都市统计地区提取数据 (MSA)代表疾控中心界定的区域和烟草控制的梯度，以解决3个相互关联的目标： 1)检查Vape商店随时间和跨背景的密度和生存情况，与FDA法规、当地政策、 和其他社会背景因素(例如，社区环境、便利店的密度/邻近程度)；2)检查VAPE 商店营销和POS实践(例如，年龄验证、免费抽样、健康警告)随着时间和环境的变化 与FDA法规、当地政策和其他社会背景因素(例如，社区背景、密度/邻近程度)的关系 便利店)；以及3)检查青少年终端随时间和跨环境的使用与空间访问的关系 Vape商店和便利店，结束了广告曝光、当地政策和社会背景因素。这 研究将记录监管对该行业的影响，并为立法提供证据基础 分区和电子汽店营销/POS做法，以保护高危人群。我们将通过一个 明确的重点是向公共卫生政策和实践提供有关END的信息，以及未来的研究。