Unequal Parenthoods: Population Perspectives on Gender, Race, and Sexual Minority Disparities in Family Stress and Health During Crises

不平等的父母身份：危机期间家庭压力和健康方面的性别、种族和性少数群体差异的人口观点

• 批准号: 10685395
• 负责人: Claire M Kamp Dush
• 金额: $ 41.56万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-21 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10685395
• 关键词: Acute; Address; American; Asian; Behavioral; Black race; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Child; Child Health; Child Rearing; Communities; Coronavirus; Couples; Data; Discrimination; Disparity; Economics; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Food; Funding; Future; Gender; Gender Identity; Hate; Health; Home; Income; Individual; Intention; Intervention; Latinx; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mediator; Mental Health; Methods; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Occupations; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Police; Population; Process; Psychological Stress; Race; Research; Resources; Respondent; Risk; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Sexism; Social isolation; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Structural Racism; Surveys; Testing; Time; Time Study; Trauma; Underserved Population; Violence; Virus; Vulnerable Populations; Woman; Work; adverse childhood events; anti-Asian; coronavirus disease; diaries; ethnic minority; experience; gender minority; improved; innovation; marginalization; novel; pandemic disease; pandemic impact; pandemic stress; population based; promote resilience; psychological distress; public health emergency; racial identity; racial minority; racism; resilience; response; sexual identity; sexual minority; sexual minority disparity; social; social stigma; success

Project Summary The COVID-19 pandemic and the co-occurring period of racial trauma has upended family environments and exacted a toll on parents (mothers in particular), racial and ethnic minorities, and sexual minorities. Understanding how parents functioned during this time is crucial to identifying mechanisms linking race, gender, and sexual identity marginalization to disparities in parental well-being with critical implications for child health. Leveraging novel population-based survey and time diary data collected this past year from the National Couples’ Health and Time Study (NCHAT), we will identify mechanisms underlying gender, racial and ethnic minority, and sexual minority disparities in parenting stress and parental well-being during COVID and this period of intense racial trauma. NCHAT (N = 3,642) is a population-representative study of individuals between 20 and 60 living in same and different-gender couples in the U.S. with oversamples of Black, Latinx, and Asian families and sexual minorities. The study includes 41% of partners as well. The analytic sample for this study focuses on the 35% of the sample that had children under 18 (n = 1,274 main respondents; n = 567 partners). This project has four specific aims: Aim 1. Determine gender, racial and ethnic minority, and sexual minority disparities in parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality and test marginalization, socioeconomic status, and adverse childhood experiences as mediators; Aim 2. Evaluate COVID and racial trauma stress, psychological distress, and couple relationship functioning as moderators of parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality disparities; Aim 3. Identify dyadic stress processes in the associations between COVID and racial trauma stress, psychological distress, and relationship functioning and parenting; Aim 4. Examine community disruptions and context as moderators of parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality disparities. Further, the NCHAT data, the contextual data produced for this project on structural racism, sexism, and heterosexism, and NCHAT survey items for harmonization will be shared with the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research on COVID-19 Consortium Coordination Center (SBECCC) and the wider health research community, leveraging the exceptional resources of the Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation (ISRDI), home to the IPUMS data projects. Forty percent of NCHAT main respondents identify racial and ethnic minorities, and 45% identify as sexual minorities. Data such as these are crucial to the success and inclusiveness of the SBECCC. This study aligns with the U01’s intention to fund “research to understand the health impacts of coronavirus mitigation strategies and the mechanisms that may convey risk and resilience, particularly in underserved and vulnerable populations, [that] will help improve long-term responses to the pandemic and prepare more effectively for the next public health emergency.” Importantly, understanding family experiences and strategies at this historical moment can inform interventions to address health detriments and build resiliency for the future of families.

项目摘要 COVID-19大流行和种族创伤的同时发生时期已更新了家庭环境， 对父母（尤其是母亲），种族和少数民族以及性少数群体造成了损失。 了解这段时间父母的功能对于确定与种族，性别， 和性别身份边缘化对父母福祉的差异，对儿童健康产生了关键的影响。 利用新颖的基于人群的调查和时间日记数据，过去一年从国家夫妇那里收集 健康与时间研究（NCHAT），我们将确定性别，种族和少数民族的机制，以及 在育儿压力和父母福祉中的性少数群体差异和这一激烈时期 种族创伤。 NCHAT（n = 3,642）是对20至60个生活的人群代表性的研究 在美国的同性伴侣中，黑人，拉丁裔和亚洲家庭的示例 性少数群体。该研究还包括41％的合作伙伴。这项研究的分析样本重点是 在18岁以下的儿童（n = 1,274名主要受访者； n = 567个伴侣）的样本中，有35％的样本。这个项目有 四个具体目的：目标1。确定性别，种族和少数民族以及性少数民族差异 育儿压力和福祉以及亲子关系质量和边缘化，社会经济 身份和不利的童年经历作为调解人； AIM 2。评估共证和种族创伤应力， 心理困扰，夫妻关系作为育儿压力和幸福感的主持人的关系， 亲子关系质量差异；目标3。确定二元压力过程 共同和种族创伤压力，心理困扰以及关系功能和育儿；目标4。 将社区中断和背景视为育儿压力和福祉的主持人和亲子 关系质量分布。此外，NCHAT数据，该项目生成的上下文数据 结构性种族主义，性别歧视和异性恋和NCHAT调查项目将与 COVID-19联盟协调中心（SBECCC）的社会，行为和经济研究和 更广泛的健康研究界，利用社会研究研究所的卓越资源和 数据创新（ISRDI），IPUMS数据项目的所在地。 40％的NCHAT主要响应识别 种族和少数民族，45％的人认为是性少数群体。诸如此类的数据对于成功至关重要 和SBECCC的包容性。这项研究与U01的意图一致，以资助“研究以了解 冠状病毒缓解策略的健康影响以及可能传达风险和韧性的机制， 特别是在服务不足和脆弱的人群中，这将有助于改善对 大流行并为下一次公共卫生紧急情况做出更有效的准备。”重要的是，了解家庭 在这个历史时刻，经验和策略可以告知干预措施，以解决健康损害和 为家庭的未来增强弹性。