Songmaking in a Group (SING): Music, Hallucinations & Predictive Coding

摘要 患有精神病的人感知和相信关于他们自己和外部世界的事情 以及其他无法获得的人。这可能会让他们和他们的家人感到非常痛苦 还有朋友。听音乐和演奏音乐可以帮助缓解这种痛苦，但我们做不到 知道为什么。这个项目旨在找出答案。感知和相信，关于自我和他人，是 通过做出预测并根据新的证据更新这些预测来实现， 特别是如果新的证据非常可靠或准确的话。音乐可能会有帮助的一种方式 精神病涉及到这种精确度。通过使一组预测更精确-预测 关于音乐--其他预测可能会改变。这可能是我们用脚趾轻拍或跟着唱的原因 我们喜欢的音乐。我们建议，体验对一个人的行为的更可靠的预测(通过 唱歌)和其他人(通过与他们一起唱歌)将有助于改变 承保精神病的症状。我们将在最初的R61研究中测试这是否属实， 跟踪音乐导致的一系列基于预测的任务的性能变化 通过起诉三个具体目标的经验：特定目标1将审查歌曲的影响- 根据条件性幻觉任务执行情况分组(唱)，该程序 在实验室里安全可靠地产生幻觉。我们预测SING将减少 实验室中幻觉的数量和机制。《特定目标2》将考察 社会学习随着SING的变化而变化。使用声誉学习任务，我们将测量社会 学习率。我们预测，它们将随着SING的增长而增加。《特定目标3》将审查 受试者对自我的主观体验及其随歌唱使用的变化 计算语言分析。我们预测SING将减少痛苦的语言标记。如果 这些研究被证明是成功的，我们将-在后续的R33研究中-使用R61到 将音乐干预分解为其关键成分-询问它是否对 主动(或只是被动地体验音乐)，以及拥有制作的音乐是否 它对加工精度的影响很重要。这些研究将帮助我们完善是否， 我们如何为严重精神疾病提供音乐干预，以及向谁提供音乐干预。

Abstract People with psychotic illnesses perceive and believe things about themselves, the outside world and other people that do not obtain. This can be very distressing for them, their family members and friends. Listening to and performing music can help mitigate this distress, but we do not know why. This project aims to find out. Perceiving and believing, about self and others, is achieved by making predictions and updating those predictions in light of new evidence, particularly if that new evidence is very reliable or precise. One way that music might help psychosis involves this precision. By making one set of predictions more precise—predictions about music— other predictions can change. This might be why we tap our toes or sing along to music we enjoy. We propose that experiencing more reliable predictions about ones’ actions (by singing) and other people (by singing along with them) will help to change the predictions that underwrite the symptoms of psychosis. We will test whether this is true in an initial R61 study, tracking the change in performance of a series of prediction-based tasks as a result of musical experience by prosecuting three specific aims: Specific Aim 1 will examine the impact of song- making in a group (SING) on conditioned hallucination task performance, a procedure that safely and reliably engenders hallucinations in the laboratory. We predict SING will reduce the number and mechanisms of hallucinations in the laboratory. Specific Aim 2 will examine how social learning changes with SING. Using a reputation learning task, we will measure social learning rates. We predict they will increase with SING. Specific Aim 3 will examine participants’ subjective experience of self-hood and how they change with SING using computational linguistic analysis. We predict SING will decrease linguistic markers of distress. If those studies prove successful, we will – in a follow-up R33 study – use metrics from the R61 to decompose the musical intervention into its key ingredients – asking whether it is important to be active (or merely passively experience music), and whether owning the music produced is important to its impact on precision of processing. These studies will help us refine whether, how and to whom we deliver musical intervention for serious mental illness.