Multiracial Discrimination Scale: Development and Psychometric Validation of its Associations with Alcohol Use and Misuse among Multiracial Young Adults

摘要/摘要 青壮年是酒精滥用的发育期(定义为饮酒模式增加 有害健康后果的风险)。多种族(定义为有两个或两个以上的亲生父母 种族/民族)年轻人可能不同地容易受到酒精滥用的影响，因为他们报告说 与其他种族/民族相比，过去一年饮酒和酒精使用障碍的患病率最高 年轻人。对于多种族的年轻人来说，多种族歧视是一个与种族相关的压力源，可能是 与酒精相关的差异，与少数族裔的压力和紧张程度降低一致 框架，以及对独生子女的歧视-酒精滥用关联的大力支持 成年人。然而，我们对多种族歧视的了解是支离破碎的，并因衡量而复杂化。 担忧。值得注意的是，一般歧视量表通常用于评估多种族歧视。 尽管研究表明，普遍歧视和多种族歧视是截然不同的概念。 此外，现有的多种族歧视量表对歧视性待遇的来源缺乏特异性。 即使歧视性信息因肇事者不同而不同，并且可能与健康有不同的关联 (包括酒精)结果。在缺乏一种刻度来捕捉多种族生活经验的情况下 多种族人群中的歧视，酒精研究人员无法解决多种族歧视 是酒精滥用的社会文化决定因素，也是造成 多种族年轻人，他们正在推动美国人口结构的重大变化。因此，使用 采用顺序混合方法，拟议项目的目的是：(A)探索和生成细微差别的观点 利用多种族青年重点群体的专题分析进行多种族歧视，(B)发展和(C) 探索性和验证性因素对多种族歧视量表的心理测量学验证 分析，以及(D)评估多种族歧视与酒精滥用之间的同时关联 结构方程模型。这一项目的发现将为酒精研究人员提供一种心理测量学 声级，以描述多种族歧视-酒精滥用途径的范围和程度， 潜在地突出酒精滥用之前的干预点，从而在文化上告知 为减少和预防青少年酗酒而实施的循证干预措施的敏感性设计 多种族的年轻人。NRSA个人博士前奖学金旨在促进健康相关领域的多样性 研究将提供混合方法方面的专门培训(例如，将定性/定量联系起来 数据)、心理测量学统计(例如，测试理论)和调查潜在结构(例如，结构方程 建模)，从而为我开发的研究计划提供了工具支持，并为 长期的、多产的、由NIH资助的酒精研究生涯。

Summary/Abstract Young adulthood is a developmental epoch for alcohol misuse (defined as a pattern of drinking that increases risks for adverse health outcomes). Multiracial (defined as having biological parents of two or more racial/ethnic groups) young adults may be differentially vulnerable to alcohol misuse as they report both the highest prevalence of past-year alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder compared to other racial/ethnic young adults. Multiracial discrimination is a racially relevant stressor for Multiracial young adults and may be associated with alcohol-related disparities, as consistent with minority stress and tension reduction frameworks, as well as robust support for the discrimination-alcohol misuse association in monoracial young adults. However, our knowledge of Multiracial discrimination is fragmented and compounded by measurement concerns. Notably, general discrimination scales are commonly used to assess Multiracial discrimination despite research demonstrating general discrimination and Multiracial discrimination as distinct constructs. Further, existing Multiracial discrimination scales lack specificity with the source of the discriminatory treatment even though discriminatory messages vary by perpetrators and may be differentially associated with health (including alcohol) outcomes. In the absence of a scale capturing the lived experience of Multiracial discrimination among Multiracial people, alcohol researchers cannot resolve whether Multiracial discrimination is a sociocultural determinant of alcohol misuse and contributing to alcohol-related disparities among Multiracial young adults, who are driving substantial demographic change in the United States. Thus, using a sequential mixed methods approach, the proposed project aims to (a) explore and generate a nuanced view of Multiracial discrimination using thematic analysis from Multiracial young adult focus groups, (b) develop and (c) psychometrically validate the Multiracial Discrimination Scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and (d) assess concurrent associations between Multiracial discrimination with alcohol misuse using structural equational modeling. Findings of this project will provide alcohol researchers with a psychometrically sound scale to characterize the scope and magnitude of the Multiracial discrimination-alcohol misuse pathway, to potentially highlight an intervention point preceding alcohol misuse, and thus informing the culturally sensitive design of evidence-based interventions implemented to reduce and prevent alcohol misuse among Multiracial young adults. This NRSA Individual Predoctoral Fellowship to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research would provide specialized training in mixed methodologies (e.g., connecting qualitative/quantitative data), psychometric statistics (e.g., test theory), and investigating latent constructs (e.g., structural equation modeling), thus providing instrumental support for my developing research program, and laying out a path for a long, prolific, NIH-funded alcohol research career.