Distilling the relationship of parental psychiatric illness to offspring productivity and social outcomes: evidence base for preventive strategies

项目摘要 众所周知，父母在设定子女的生活轨迹方面发挥着关键作用： 他们的学术和社会参与，并确保有利于健康发展的环境， 目标实现将构成社会和社会经济成功基础的技能（例如，注意力，人际关系 能力），开始在生命早期形成，具有家庭风险因素-如父母收入低，教育或健康状况 - 对这种技能发展产生负面影响。面临更多或更长期风险因素的儿童 更有可能经历来自生产力的负面影响（例如，教育成就），社会- 行为功能（例如，犯罪），以及每一种犯罪所带来的挑战（例如，减少了就业机会 不稳定、身心健康受损、预期寿命降低） 先前的研究表明，父母的精神疾病和父母的精神疾病之间存在特殊的关系。 在下一代中实现这些领域的成果。然而，明显的普遍做法 调查母亲或（不太常见）父亲的心理健康-而不是统一调查 整个家庭单位-对性别差异影响的了解有限，排除了对风险动态的调查 根据父母的个人（或，如果父母双方都受到影响，则合并）诊断。此外，相对 与已知对儿童健康有影响的其他特征相比，父母心理健康的重要性 和生活机会（例如，家庭的社会经济地位，后代自己的心理健康），仍然在很大程度上 未开发的这种支离破碎的方法使父母心理健康在家庭中的机械作用无法量化。 跨代生活结果-这是公共卫生关注的一个问题，因为（1）这些结果之间的关系 (e.g.,教育年限、就业稳定性、犯罪行为）对生活质量和寿命的影响，（2）高 与至少一位精神病患者父母生活在一起的西方儿童的比例（11-18.2%），以及（3） 压力、精神疾病和相关结果（例如，自杀），在这些人群中的成年人。 目前的项目旨在评估父母的精神障碍对关键生活的影响程度 通过分析， 允许枚举这些关系并解析底层机制。我们的目标-1）量化 父母精神病理学的关联（双重与单一影响的家庭;内部与交叉障碍 配对）与整个生命过程中的后代结果; 2）评估特定 这些关联的障碍; 3）检查遗传和环境与这些结果的关系; （4）解开家庭环境与后代特征相互作用的途径， 影响研究中的关联-旨在提供所需的机械数据， 预防性策略，旨在父母养育和家庭支持，干预父母之间的关系， 心理健康和儿童的生活结果。

PROJECT SUMMARY It is well established that parents play a critical role in setting the life trajectory of their children: predisposing their academic and social engagement, and ensuring an environment conducive to healthy development and goal fulfilment. Skills that will form the basis for social and socioeconomic success (e.g., attention, interpersonal ability), begin to shape early in life, with familial risk factors - such as low parental income, education, or health – negatively affecting such skill development. Children who face either more, or more long-term risk, factors are more likely to experience negative impacts extending from productivity (e.g., educational achievement), to socio- behavioural functioning (e.g., criminality), and the attendant challenges of each (e.g., reduced employment stability, impaired physical and mental health, lower life-expectancy) Prior research has suggested a particular relationship between parental mental illness and diminished outcomes across these domains in the next generation. However, the common practice of distinctly investigating maternal or (less commonly) paternal mental health – as opposed to unified investigation of the whole family unit - has limited insight into sex-differential effects and precluded investigation of risk dynamics by parent’s individual (or, where both parents are affected, combined) diagnoses. Further, the relative importance of parental mental health, as compared to alternative features with known impacts on child health and life opportunity (e.g., family socioeconomic status, offspring’s own mental health), remains largely unexplored. This fragmented approach has left, unquantified, the mechanistic role of parental mental health in cross-generational life outcomes – a point of public health concern given (1) the relationship of these outcomes (e.g., years of education, employment stability, criminality) to both the quality and duration of life, (2) the high proportion of Western children living with at least one mentally ill parent (11-18.2%), and (3) the rising rates of stress, mental illness, and related outcomes (e.g., suicide), among adults in these populations. The current project aims to assess the degree to which psychiatric disorders in parents impact key life outcomes (educational attainment, occupational stability, criminality) in the next generation, via analyses which allow these relationships to be enumerated and the underlying mechanisms parsed. Our aims – to 1) quantify the association of parental psychopathology (dual- vs. single-affected families; within vs. cross-disorder pairings) with offspring outcomes across the life-course; 2) assess the potentially differential effects of specific disorders on these associations; 3) examine the relationship of genetics and environment to these outcomes; and 4) disentangle the pathways through which familial environments interplay with offspring characteristics to impact the associations under study – have been designed to provide the mechanistic data needed to inform preventive strategies, aimed at parenting and family support to intervene in the relationship between parental mental health and children’s life outcomes.