Tools to Address the Challenges of Preserving Privacy in Sharing and Analysis of Biomedical Data

项目摘要 了解一种疾病或状况需要大规模挖掘遗传、表观遗传、 从大量的人类数据中进行环境和临床观察。广泛的和 为了破译已经收集到的海量数据，方便地访问这些数据是必不可少的 在个人和人口层面。然而，在保护 患者和研究参与者的隐私，并共享遗传、表观遗传学和临床数据 生物医学的进步。这种冲突的部分原因是产生的场之间的连接断开 并分析个人生物数据以及建立理论和实现的领域 用于数据隐私和安全。该项目的目标有两个：1)将私人信息量化 以系统的方式从各种类型的人类衍生生物数据中泄露信息 数据共享工作和2)为不同部门的数据开发增强隐私的分析软件 大规模的分子水平(基因组学、转录组、表型数据)。我们将创造一个不断发展的 和模块化工具套件来量化和保护隐私；此套件将能够 在新的数据模式和分析需求出现时采用。建议的工具将有所帮助 防止未来灾难性的隐私泄露，这可能会导致无法访问所有医疗 可操作的数据；使所有研究人员的数据访问民主化；并在患者之间建立信任 和研究人员，从而增加对研究的参与。

Project Summary Understanding a single disease or condition requires large-scale mining of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and clinical observations from large amounts of human data. Widespread and easy access to such data is imperative to decipher the vast trove of data that has been collected at the individual and population level. However, there is a direct conflict between protecting the privacy of patients and research participants and sharing genetic, epigenetic, and clinical data for biomedical advances. This conflict is partly due to a disconnect between the fields that generate and analyze personal biological data and the fields that establish theories and implementations for data privacy and security. The goal of this project is two-fold: 1) to quantify private information leakages from various types of human-derived biological data in a systematic manner to inform data-sharing efforts and 2) to develop privacy-enhancing analysis software for data at various molecular levels (genomics, transcriptomics, phenotype data) at scale. We will create an evolving and modular tool suite to both quantify and preserve privacy; this suite will have the ability to be adopted to new data modalities and analysis needs as they arise. The proposed tools will help prevent future catastrophic privacy leaks, which may result in a loss of access to all medically actionable data; democratize data access for all researchers; and create trust between patients and researchers, thus increasing participation in studies.