Ultrafine Particulate Matter & Cardiorespiratory Health

超细颗粒物

• 批准号: 6806575
• 负责人: RALPH J DELFINO
• 金额: $ 61.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6806575
• 关键词: air pollution; air sampling /monitoring; biomarker; blood pressure; blood tests; clinical research; comorbidity; coronary disorder; electrocardiography; human old age (65+); human subject; inflammation; interleukin 1; interleukin 6; longitudinal human study; nitric oxide; outcomes research; oxidizing agents; particle; patient oriented research; pollution related respiratory disorder; thrombosis; tumor necrosis factor alpha

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Heart disease is the leading cause of death and hospitalization among the elderly population, which makes the identification of preventable causes for heart disease morbidity and mortality a major goal of epidemiologic research. Numerous studies have shown associations of outdoor particulate matter (PM) air pollution with cardiovascular hospital admissions and mortality. The causal pollutant components and physiologic mechanisms for these associations are not fully understood. There is evidence that airway inflammation resulting from airway deposition of ultrafine particles (< 0.1 mu/m in diameter) could lead to an increase in thrombogenic and inflammatory activity in the blood, and to a disturbance in cardiovascular function, resulting from oxidant stress responses at extra-pulmonary sites, including the vascular endothelium of the heart. This is expected to increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in people with underlying coronary heart disease (CHD). We propose to conduct a panel study with repeated measurements to evaluate acute cardiovascular and respiratory health effects of ultrafine PM personal, indoor and outdoor exposures. Over seven month periods, we will follow 72 nonsmoking elderly individuals with CHD living in areas with high air pollution levels in the Los Angeles Air Basin of California. The design will maximize the utility of intensive exposure assessments by measuring multiple interrelated clinical, physiological and biochemical outcomes. The specific aims will address the following hypotheses: 1) Exposure to ultrafine particles will be associated with increased circulating biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis, increased blood pressure, adverse cardiac clinical outcomes, and increases in a biomarker of airway inflammation, exhaled nitric oxide; and 2) These associations will be stronger for measurements of particle components and certain ambient sources thought to influence inflammatory processes through oxidant damage. We will also evaluate relationships of outcomes with accumulation mode PM (0.18-2.5 mu/m) and coarse mode PM (2.5-10 fm). We will assess whether estimates of association for predicted (adjusted) personal or indoor exposure to ultrafine or accumulation mode PM of outdoor origin are stronger than estimates of association for unadjusted (raw) personal or indoor exposures. Results of this study will advance knowledge on the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of ultrafine particles. Our results are expected to clarify findings in the literature of associations between ambient particulate air pollution (PM10 and PM2.5) and severe cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality and hospital admissions.

描述：（由申请人提供）心脏病是老年人群死亡和住院的主要原因，这使得鉴定出可预防的心脏病发病率和死亡率的原因是流行病学研究的主要目标。许多研究表明，室外颗粒物（PM）空气污染与心血管医院入院和死亡率的关联。这些关联的因果污染物成分和生理机制尚不完全了解。有证据表明，由超细颗粒的气道沉积（直径<0.1 mu/m）引起的气道炎症可能导致血液中血栓形成和炎症活性的增加，以及包括p耗血的部位的氧化剂应激反应引起的，包括p耗血的部位，包括血管外的内皮细胞内皮内皮层。预计这会增加心血管不良后果的风险，特别是在潜在的冠心病（CHD）的人中。我们建议进行一项针对重复测量的小组研究，以评估Ultrafine PM个人，室内和室外暴露的急性心血管和呼吸健康影响。在七个月的时间里，我们将跟随72名不吸烟的老年人，居住在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶空中盆地高空气污染水平的地区。该设计将通过测量多个相互关联的临床，生理和生化结果来最大程度地提高强化暴露评估的效用。具体目的将解决以下假设：1）暴露于炎症和血栓形成的循环生物标志物，血压升高，心脏不良临床结果以及空中炎症的生物标志物增加，均匀的固定性氧化物的生物标志物增加； 2）这些关联对于测量粒子成分和某些被认为通过氧化剂损伤影响炎症过程的环境来源将更加强大。我们还将评估结果与累积模式PM（0.18-2.5 mu/m）和粗模式PM（2.5-10 FM）的关系。我们将评估预测（调整后的）个人或室内暴露于Ultrafine或累积模式PM的估计值是否比未经调整的（原始）个人或室内暴露的关联估计更强。这项研究的结果将提高有关超细颗粒心血管和呼吸作用的知识。预计我们的结果将阐明在环境颗粒空气污染（PM10和PM2.5）与严重心血管结局（包括死亡率和住院）之间的关联文献中的发现。