ULTRAFINE PARTICULATE MATTER & CARDIORESPIRATORY HEALTH

超细颗粒物

• 批准号: 7606628
• 负责人: RALPH J DELFINO
• 金额: $ 0.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-01 至 2007-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7606628
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Admission activity; Air; Air Pollution; Area; Biochemical; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood Pressure; Caliber; California; Cardiac; Cardiovascular Physiology; Cardiovascular system; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Clinical; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Coronary heart disease; County; Deposition; Elderly; End Point; Epidemiologic Studies; Exhalation; Exposure to; Funding; Goals; Grant; Health; Heart; Heart Diseases; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Institution; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Literature; Los Angeles; Lung; Measurement; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Morbidity - disease rate; Nitric Oxide; Oranges; Outcome; Oxidants; Particulate; Particulate Matter; Physiological; Population; Populations at Risk; Process; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Site; Smog; Source; Thinking; Thrombosis; Ultrafine; United States National Institutes of Health; Vascular Endothelium; aged; airway inflammation; biological adaptation to stress; design; mortality; particle; pollutant; receptor; respiratory; ultrafine particle

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Heart disease is the leading cause of death and hospitalization among the elderly population, which makes the identification of preventable causes for heart disease morbidity and mortality a major goal of epidemiologic research. Numerous studies have shown associations of outdoor particulate matter (PM) air pollution with cardiovascular hospital admissions and mortality. However, the causal pollutant components and physiologic mechanisms for these associations are not fully understood. There is evidence that airway inflammation resulting from airway deposition of ultrafine particles (defined herein as < 0.18 m in diameter) could lead to an increase in thrombogenic and inflammatory activity in the blood, and to a disturbance in cardiovascular function. This is believed to result from oxidant stress responses at extra-pulmonary sites, including the vascular endothelium of the heart. Changes in intermediary endpoints such as inflammatory mediators are expected to increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in people with underlying coronary heart disease (CHD). We propose to conduct a panel study with repeated measurements to evaluate acute cardiovascular and respiratory health effects of ultrafine PM personal, indoor and outdoor exposures. Over seven month periods, we will follow 72 nonsmoking elderly individuals with CHD living in areas with high air pollution levels in the Los Angeles Air Basin of California. We will study two regions of southern California with differing air pollution profiles: areas of Los Angeles County and North Orange County (pollutant emissions source sites with freshly emitted PM) and more inland areas of Eastern Los Angeles County, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties (down-wind smog receptor sites with aged PM). This will enhance variability in characteristics of ultrafine and accumulation mode particles, and enhance the external validity of findings to populations at risk. The design will maximize the utility of intensive exposure assessments by measuring multiple interrelated clinical, physiological and biochemical outcomes. The specific aims will address the following hypotheses: 1) Exposure to ultrafine particles will be associated with increased circulating biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis, increased blood pressure, adverse cardiac clinical outcomes, and increases in a biomarker of airway inflammation, exhaled nitric oxide; and 2) These associations will be stronger for measurements of particle components and certain ambient sources thought to influence inflammatory processes through oxidant damage. We will also evaluate relationships of outcomes with accumulation mode PM (0.18-2.5 m) and coarse mode PM (2.5-10 m). We will assess whether estimates of association for predicted (adjusted) personal or indoor exposure to ultrafine or accumulation mode PM of outdoor origin are stronger than estimates of association for unadjusted (raw) personal or indoor exposures. Results of this study will advance knowledge on the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of ultrafine particles. Our results are expected to clarify findings in the literature of associations between ambient particulate air pollution (PM10 and PM2.5) and severe cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality and hospital admissions.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 心脏病是老年人死亡和住院的主要原因，这使得确定心脏病发病率和死亡率的可预防原因成为流行病学研究的主要目标。许多研究表明，室外颗粒物（PM）空气污染与心血管住院率和死亡率之间存在关联。 然而，因果污染物成分和生理机制，这些协会还没有完全理解。 有证据表明，由超细颗粒（本文定义为直径< 0.18 μ m）的气道沉积引起的气道炎症可导致血液中血栓形成和炎症活性的增加，以及心血管功能的紊乱。 这被认为是由肺外部位（包括心脏的血管内皮）的氧化应激反应引起的。 炎症介质等中间终点的变化预计会增加不良心血管结局的风险，特别是在患有基础冠心病（CHD）的人群中。 我们建议进行一项重复测量的小组研究，以评估超细PM个人、室内和室外暴露对心血管和呼吸系统健康的急性影响。 在七个月的时间里，我们将跟踪72名居住在加州洛杉矶空气盆地高污染地区的非吸烟老年冠心病患者。 我们将研究加州南部两个空气污染状况不同的地区：洛杉矶县和北橙子县（新排放PM的污染物排放源地点）以及东部洛杉矶县、圣贝纳迪诺县和滨江县的内陆地区（下风向PM的烟雾接收地点）。 这将增强超细和累积模式颗粒特征的可变性，并增强研究结果对风险人群的外部有效性。 该设计将通过测量多个相互关联的临床、生理和生化结果，最大限度地发挥密集暴露评估的效用。 具体目标将涉及以下假设： 第一章 暴露于超细颗粒将与炎症和血栓形成的循环生物标志物增加、血压升高、不良心脏临床结果以及气道炎症的生物标志物呼出的一氧化氮增加相关;以及 （二） 对于颗粒成分和某些被认为通过氧化损伤影响炎症过程的环境源的测量，这些关联将更强。 我们还将评估结果与累积模式PM（0.18-2.5 m）和粗略模式PM（2.5-10 m）的关系。 我们将评估预测（调整后）个人或室内暴露于室外来源的超细或累积模式PM的关联估计是否强于未调整（原始）个人或室内暴露的关联估计。 这项研究的结果将推进对超细颗粒物的心血管和呼吸影响的认识。 我们的研究结果有望澄清文献中关于环境颗粒空气污染（PM10和PM2.5）与严重心血管结局（包括死亡率和住院率）之间关系的发现。