Pediatric asthma, photochemical oxidant air pollutants, and climate change vulner

小儿哮喘、光化学氧化剂空气污染物和气候变化脆弱性

• 批准号: 8152473
• 负责人: RALPH J DELFINO
• 金额: $ 15.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8152473
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Acute; Address; Admission activity; Adopted; Adoption; Adverse effects; Aerosols; Age; Air; Air Conditioning; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Asthma; Biological Markers; Biometry; California; Carbon Monoxide; Chemicals; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Childhood Asthma; Climate; Code; Color; Data; Data Set; Databases; Demographic Factors; Diagnosis; Environment; Epidemiology; Equipment and supply inventories; Ethnic Origin; Evaluation; Exhalation; Exposure to; Fossil Fuels; Funding; Future; Geographic Factor; Geographic Information Systems; Global Warming; Grant; Growth; Health; Heating; Hospitals; Infiltration; Institutes; Knowledge; Life; Location; Measurement; Modeling; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; Nitric Oxide; Nitrogen Dioxide; Output; Oxidants; Ozone; Particle Size; Period Analysis; Photochemistry; Population; Poverty; Public Health; Publishing; Race; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Estimate; Role; Science; Seasons; Site; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Technology; Testing; Time Series Analysis; Ultrafine; Universities; Visit; Vulnerable Populations; age group; aged; airway inflammation; base; climate change; experience; exposed human population; low socioeconomic status; particle; pollutant; population based; programs; receptor; respiratory; sex; theories; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Photochemical oxidant air pollutants such as ozone (O3) are anticipated to increase with global warming. Given the known effects of O3, this is anticipated to have major impacts on the health of children with asthma. However, there is much less information about the importance of the photochemical oxidant pollutants in secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which in many respects have the potential to do greater harm to respiratory health than ambient O3. Therefore, the potential impact on asthma morbidity among vulnerable populations from photochemical air pollutant increases resulting from global warming is likely to be underestimated using O3 alone. Vulnerable populations may include children of color and those with low socioeconomic status. Vulnerable people also include those living in heavily trafficked regions with higher concentrations of primary products of fossil fuel combustion (which include SOA precursors), or people living downwind of these source sites in hotter regions with high concentrations of photochemically aged urban aerosols including SOA. We hypothesize that daily asthma morbidity in children will be associated with increased local exposures to photochemical oxidant air pollutants, independent of the effects of primary combustion-related air pollutants. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these associations will be stronger in subjects living in regions with lower socioeconomic status and in warmer regions with more photochemical air pollution. We anticipate that such risks of asthma will increase with future changes to climate and to the underlying emissions inventory that together determine pollutant concentrations. Four aims will be used to address these hypotheses: We will first estimate daily air pollutant exposures at the zip code level throughout the state of California for 2000-2008. Air pollutants will include ambient measurements of EPA-regulated criteria air pollutants. We will also employ a source-oriented chemical transport model to estimate zip-code specific exposures to O3, NO2, size-fractionated particle species (including SOA and primary pollutants) and particle sources. We will then assess the risk of emergency department visits and hospital admissions for asthma among children from local exposures to photochemical oxidants (SOA and O3), among other pollutants. This will be followed by an assessment of effect modification of associations by subject and geographic factors that may represent increased vulnerability. Finally, we will assess the potential future risk of pediatric asthma morbidity from the effects of global warming on photochemical pollutant levels, stratified by hypothesized population vulnerabilities. The proposed research combines a state-of-the-science reactive chemical transport model with the latest SOA formation theories and applies them over climatologically relevant analysis periods to determine if SOA concentrations will experience significant changes in the future due to climate modification. Knowing this is critical to fully assessing the impact of climate change on specific populations vulnerable to the health effects of photochemical oxidant air pollution. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The knowledge that will emerge from the proposed study will be of benefit to public health by identifying populations of children with asthma who are most vulnerable to the adverse effects of photochemical and other air pollutants that are expected to increase with global warming. We will estimate the potential magnitude of increased asthma morbidity that could result from future changes to climate and to the underlying emissions inventory that together determine pollutant concentrations. These estimated effects are anticipated to be larger among children of color, and those living in poverty or in warmer regions downwind of major urban sources of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion.

描述（由申请人提供）：随着全球变暖，预计臭氧（O3）等光化学氧化剂空气污染物会增加。考虑到臭氧的已知影响，预计这将对哮喘儿童的健康产生重大影响。然而，关于二次有机气溶胶（SOA）中的光化学氧化剂污染物的重要性的信息要少得多，在许多方面，它有可能比环境O3对呼吸系统健康造成更大的危害。因此，光化学空气污染物的增加，导致全球变暖对哮喘发病率在脆弱人群中的潜在影响很可能被低估使用O3单独。弱势群体可能包括有色人种儿童和社会经济地位较低的儿童。易受影响的人群还包括那些生活在交通繁忙的地区，化石燃料燃烧的初级产品（包括SOA前体）浓度较高的人，或者生活在这些来源地点的下风处，在较热的地区，光化学老化的城市气溶胶（包括SOA）浓度较高。 我们假设儿童每日哮喘发病率与局部暴露于光化学氧化剂空气污染物的增加有关，与主要燃烧相关空气污染物的影响无关。此外，我们假设，这些协会将更强的主题生活在较低的社会经济地位和温暖的地区，更多的光化学空气污染。我们预计，随着未来气候变化和共同决定污染物浓度的潜在排放清单的变化，哮喘的风险将增加。四个目标将被用来解决这些假设：我们将首先估计每日空气污染物暴露在邮政编码水平整个加州2000-2008年。空气污染物将包括EPA规定的标准空气污染物的环境测量。我们还将采用一个面向源的化学传输模型，以估计邮政编码特定的暴露于O3，NO2，尺寸分级的颗粒物种（包括SOA和主要污染物）和颗粒源。然后，我们将评估儿童因局部暴露于光化学氧化剂（SOA和O3）以及其他污染物而急诊和住院的风险。随后将按可能代表脆弱性增加的主题和地理因素评估关联的效果变化。最后，我们将评估全球变暖对光化学污染物水平的影响对未来儿童哮喘发病率的潜在风险，并根据假设的人群脆弱性进行分层。 拟议的研究将最新的SOA形成理论与科学反应化学传输模型相结合，并将其应用于气候相关的分析期间，以确定SOA浓度是否会因气候变化而在未来发生显着变化。了解这一点对于充分评估气候变化对易受光化学氧化剂空气污染健康影响的特定人群的影响至关重要。 公共卫生相关性：从拟议的研究中获得的知识将有利于公共卫生，因为它确定了最容易受到光化学和其他空气污染物不利影响的哮喘儿童群体，预计这些污染物将随着全球变暖而增加。我们将估计哮喘发病率增加的潜在幅度，这可能是由于未来气候变化和基础排放清单共同决定污染物浓度。这些估计的影响预计在有色人种儿童中更大，以及那些生活在贫困中或温暖地区的主要城市化石燃料燃烧空气污染物来源的下风处。