Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Increase Exercise/Physical Acivity

说明（由申请人提供）：充足的体力活动可以预防或延缓许多慢性疾病，提高生活质量。尽管有这些有据可查的好处，人们进行和保持锻炼的比例却低得惊人，而且太多的人完全久坐不动。这部分是由于我们对哪些干预措施有助于增加活动的理解有限。虽然许多初步研究已经测试了旨在增加活动的干预措施，但他们的研究结果仍然是不综合的，这严重阻碍了研究和实践的进展。该项目的目的是整合有关干预措施的科学知识，以增加健康人群的身体活动。该项目旨在实现以下具体目标：  确定关于增加身体活动的干预措施的研究基础的强度。  具体说明干预措施对身体活动和锻炼行为的影响。  区分因素，适度的干预措施，以增加运动和体力活动的效果。我们的研究小组已经在一份发表的综合报告中使用了所提出的方法，该报告关注老龄化受试者，并正在进行一项由NIH资助的对慢性病成年人运动干预的荟萃分析。一个非常广泛和严格的文献检索将避免典型的有限检索造成的偏倚。策略包括计算机检索，祖先检索，注册和数据库检索，选定期刊的手工检索，研究生项目的审查，会议/协会摘要的检查，以及与检索研究的资深作者和NIH资助研究的主要研究者的联系。独立的数据提取器将可靠地编码干预，方法和参与者属性，解决研究目标。分析计划包括：标准化效应大小的cf指数、未加权和样本量加权计算、固定和随机效应模型下的分析、后续分析中方法调节因子的潜在控制以及检测干预成分效应的同质性分析（Qt，Qw）。例如，调节剂分析将揭示干预特征（例如自我监测）与身体活动的较大增加相关。还将审查干预效果方面的少数群体和性别差异。研究结果将通过综合不同的结果来改善公共健康，以便可以为有效的计划设计干预措施，帮助人们增加身体活动，以实现公共健康目标。这项工作的重要性和广泛范围使资金成为实现这些重要目标的必要条件。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adequate physical activity can prevent or delay many chronic illnesses and enhance the quality of life. Despite these well-documented benefits, people adopt and maintain exercise at alarmingly low rates, and far too many people are entirely sedentary. This is due in part to our limited understanding of which interventions work to increase activity. Although many primary studies have tested interventions designed to increase activity, their findings remain unsynthesized, a condition that seriously impedes progress in both research and practice. The purpose of this project is to integrate scientific knowledge about interventions to increase physical activity in healthy people. The project addresses these specific aims:  Determine the strength of the research base about interventions to increase physical activity.  Specify the effect of interventions on physical activity and exercise behavior.  Distinguish factors that moderate the effect of interventions to increase exercise and physical activity. Our research team has used the proposed methods in a published synthesis focused on aging subjects and in an in-progress NIH-funded meta-analysis of exercise interventions among chronically ill adults. An extremely extensive and rigorous literature search will avoid the bias caused by typical limited searches. Strategies include computerized searches, ancestry searches, registry and database searches, hand searches of selected journals, reviews of graduate projects, examination of conference/association abstracts, and contacts with senior authors on retrieved studies and principal investigators of NIH-funded studies. Independent data extractors will reliably code intervention, methodological and participant attributes that address the research aims. Analysis plans include: cf-index to standardize the magnitude of effect, both unweighted and sample size weighted calculations, analyses under both fixed and random effects models, potential control for methodological moderators in subsequent analysis, and homogeneity analysis (Qt, Qw) to detect intervention component effects. For example, the moderator analysis will reveal intervention characteristics (e.g. self-monitoring) are associated with larger increases in physical activity. Minority and gender differences in intervention effectiveness will be examined as well. Findings will improve public health by synthesizing diverse results so that interventions can be designed for effective programs that help people increase their physical activity to meet public health goals. The compelling importance and broad scope of this work make funding necessary to achieve these important aims.